Salt cress
| Salt cress | ||||||||||||
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Salt cress ( Lepidium cartilagineum ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lepidium crassifolium | ||||||||||||
| ( J. Mayer ) Thell. |
The salt-cress ( Lepidium cartilagineum ) is a plant from the genus of cress ( Lepidium ) in the family of Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae). It is distributed almost in large areas of Eurasia .
description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The salt cress grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 15 to 35 (10 to 40) centimeters. Fibrous remnants of the petioles from the previous year remain on the sometimes branched rhizome and the lower area of the stem axis . The above-ground parts of the plant can be hairy with papillae or curved, simple trichomes . The upright to ascending stems are usually branched.
The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette and alternately distributed on the stem. The basal leaves consist of a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole has a length of 1.5 to 5 (to 7) cm. The simple, durable, fleshy, mostly bare leaf blade is usually 1.7 to 4 (0.7 to 5) cm long and usually 0.8 to 1.5 (0.5 to 2.2) wide cm ovate, elongated or elliptical with a wedge-shaped or narrowed blade base and a pointed or blunt end and a smooth edge. In the seated stem leaves, the stem-encompassing, bald or almost hairy leaf blade with a length of 0.2 to 4.7 cm × 0.3 to 1.5 cm is elliptical, elongated or lanceolate with a pointed end and a smooth or indistinctly toothed edge .
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering time is between April and August, depending on the location. The inflorescence axis of the first schirmtraubigen inflorescence extended later to a usually up to 7 (often up to 10) cm long, traubigen inflorescence, which contains 15 to 30 flowers.
The hermaphrodite, four-fold flowers have a diameter of about 3 mm. The four sepals are elongated with a length of 1 to 1.2 mm and a width of about 0.5 mm, hairy with brittle trichomes and white at the edges and at the pointed tips. The four white, indistinctly nailed petals are with a length of 1 to 1.6 mm and a width of 0.3 to 0.8 mm obovate or obverse-lanceolate with a rounded end. There are four nectar glands. The six stamens consist of 0.8 to 1.1 mm long stamens and with a length of 0.2 to 0.3 mm relatively small, elongated anthers. The stylus, 0.2 to 0.4 mm long, ends in a cephalic scar.
Fruit and seeds
The spreading, thin fruit stalks are 3 to 6 mm long and straight or slightly curved. The egg-shaped to elliptical pods with a length of 2.3 to 3.3 mm and a width of 2.1 to 3.5 mm are 0.1 to 0.2 mm wide winged and have a 0.05 to 0, 2 mm large notch from which the 0.2 to 0.4 mm long beak protrudes a little. The bald valves have a protruding network nerve. The septum is about 0.5 mm wide. The brown to reddish-brown seeds are 1.3 to 1.7 mm in length and 0.7 to 1 mm in diameter, egg-shaped with a papillary surface.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Occurrence
The salt cress is widespread in large areas of Eurasia . It is found in Mongolia , parts of the People's Republic of China , Afghanistan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Pakistan , Russia , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan as well as in Southeast and Central Europe (Austria and Hungary).
The salt cress thrives mainly on salty soils in salty steppes or lowlands at altitudes between 400 and 1000 meters.
Systematics
The first publication of this species took place in 1786 under the name Thlaspi cartilagineum by Johann Mayer in the treatises of the Bohemian Society of Sciences, along with the history of the same , 235, plate 7. The botanical name that is valid today was published in 1906 by Albert Thellung in the quarterly journal of the Natural Research Society in Zurich , 51, p. 178 published. Further synonyms for Lepidium cartilagineum (J.Mayer) Thell. are: Lepidium bornmuelleranum Thell. , Lepidium borysthenicum Kleopow , Lepidium caespitosum Desv. , Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. caespitosum Thell. , Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. cartilagineum Thell. , Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. crassifolium (Waldst. & Kit.) Thell. , Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. pumilum hedge , Lepidium crassifolium Waldst. & Kit. , Lepidium crenatifolium Boiss. ex Balansa , Lepidium kabulicum Rech. f. , Lepidium pachypodum Hausskn. Boiss , Lepidium pumilum . ex Balansa , Lepidium syvaschicum Kleopow , Nasturtium crassifolium (Waldst. & Kit.) Kuntze , Nasturtium crenatifolium Kuntze , Nasturtium pumilum Kuntze .
Subspecies
One can distinguish several subspecies:
- Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. caespitosum ( Desv. ) Thell. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. cartilagineum
- Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. pumilum ( Boiss. & Balansa ) hedge
Notice
There are also some species in the genus Hornungia which are also called salt cress or salt purse.
swell
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. In: Flora of China. Volume 8, 2001, p. 28: Lepidium cartilagineum - online. (Section Description and Distribution)
- SMH Jafri: Brassicaceae. In: Flora of Pakistan. Lepidium cartilagineum - online. (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Lepidium cartilagineum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Lepidium cartilagineum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Lepidium cartilagineum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae : data sheet Lepidium cartilagineum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
