Samuil Micu

Samuil Micu (born September 1745 in Sadu , † 13 May 1806 in Buda , Kingdom of Hungary ) was a Romanian philosopher, theologian, historian, Romance scholar , grammarian, lexicographer and translator from the Transylvanian School .

life and work

Life

Maniu Micu was the nephew of Bishop Inocențiu Micu-Klein . He went to the high school in Blaj , entered the order of the Basilians in 1762 , where he took the name of the order Samuil, and studied theology and philosophy in Vienna from 1766 to 1772. He taught at the high school in Blaj and was 1777-1783 Prefect on Barbareum, Greek-Catholic seminary of St. Barbara's Church , then (until 1804) searchingly at the monastery in Blaj. Micu was one of the authors of the Supplex Libellus Valachorum of 1791, in which (in vain) the political equality of the Transylvanian Romanians was demanded. In 1804 he went to Buda to the university printing house to supervise the printing of the Romanian texts.

The grammarian

Micu belonged to the Transylvanian School, which combined historical research on the origin of the Romanians with language description and language planning of Romanian. Together with Gheorghe Șincai , Micu wrote the first grammar of Romanian ( Elementa 1780). It contained evidence of the closeness of Romanian to Latin and was written in Latin (for reading by enlightened Europe).

The Bible translator

Micu re-translated the Bible ( Septuagint and New Testament) into Romanian. He had the Bucharest Bible from 1688 commissioned by Șerban I. Cantacuzino and probably also the manuscript of the Bible translation by Petru Pavel Aron , which was only printed in 2005 (Biblia Vulgata: Blaj 1760–1761, Bucharest 2005). His Blaj Bible appeared in 1795 (also Saint Petersburg 1819, Buzău 1854-1856 and Hermannstadt 1856-1858) and was reprinted in 2000 by the Vatican in Cyrillic script as a Bible to promote unity between the Catholic and Romanian Orthodox Churches.

The scholar

Micu's thousand-page history of Romania was only published from the abandoned manuscript in 1995. His translation of the logic by Friedrich Christian Baumeister was also important . He published or left behind numerous writings on philosophy, theology and church history in manuscripts and was the initiator and collaborator of the Dictionary of Buda (1825).

Works (selection)

• (with Gheorghe Șincai ), Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae . Composita from Samuele Klein de Szad, ord. S. Basilii M. in collegio graeci ritus catholicorum vindobonensi ad S. Barbaram ephemerio: locupletata vero, et in hunc ordinem redacta a Georgio Gabriele Sinkai, eiusdem ordinis, Vienna 1780 (100 pages); Buda 1805 (sole author: Gheorghe Șincai, 110 pages); ed. by Mircea Zdrenghea, Cluj-Napoca 1980 (with Romanian translation); Editing in German and Romanian: Ioan Piuariu-Molnar (Ed.) German-Wallachian language teaching , Vienna 1788
• (Translator) Biblia , adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a legii vechi şi a ceii noao, toate care s-au tălmăcit de pre limba elinească pre înţelesul limbii româneşti. Cu blagoslovenia mării sale prealuminatului şi preasfinţitului domnului domn Ioan Bob , vlădica Făgăraşului, Blaj, 1795; ed. by Ioan Chindriş and Eugen Pavel, Rome 2000
• (Translator) Loghica adecă partea cea cuvântătoare a filosofiei, Buda 1799 (Original: Friedrich Christian Baumeister, Elementa philosophiae , Leipzig 1781)
• (Collaborator) Lesicon romănescu-lătinescu-ungurescu-nemţescu quare de mai mulţi autori, în cursul a trideci, şi mai multoru ani s'au lucrat seu Lexicon valachico-latino-hungarico-germanicum quodibus a pluribus decurus auctorum auctorum a pluribus , Buda 1825 (Dictionary from Buda; partial print of Micu's contribution: Dictionarium valachico-latinum , edited by Gáldi László, Budapest 1944)
• Contributions to the geography and history of Galilaea , Leipzig 1909; New contributions [...], Vienna 1923
• Scrieri filozofice , ed. by Pompiliu Teodor and Dumitru Ghiʂe, Bucharest 1966
• (with Gheorghe Şincai and Petru Maior ) Despre vechimea si continuitatea românilor , ed. by Dan Horia Mazilu and Anatol Ghermanschi, Bucharest 1989
• Istoria românilor , ed. by Ioan Chindriș, 2 vols., Bucharest 1995

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Klein, Samuel (II.) . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 12th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1864, p. 59 ( digitized version ).
• Constantin von Wurzbach : Micul, Samuel . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 18th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1868, p. 231 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Nicolae Stroescu: Klein, Samuil Micu , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Munich 1976, p. 415 f.
• Serafim Duicu: Pe urmele lui Samuil Micu-Klein . Bucharest 1986
• Pompiliu Teodor, Sub semnul luminilor: Samuil Micu . Cluj 2000
• Jens Lüdtke : Diachronic Romance Linguistics and Linguistic Historiography . In: Lexicon of Romance Linguistics , I.1, Tübingen 2001, pp. 1–35 (here: pp. 23–24)
• Larisa Schippel: The translation culture in Romania , in: Translation. An International Handbook on Translation Research. 3rd volume , ed. by Harald Kittel, Armin Paul Frank, Norbert Greiner, Theo Hermans, Werner Koller, José Lambert and Fritz Paul. Berlin 2011, pp. 2114–2123 (here: p. 2117)

Web links

• Literature by and about Samuil Micu in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)
• The two centuries of the Blaj Bible (PDF; 119 kB)