Sanionia uncinata
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Sanionia uncinata |
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| ( Hedw. ) Loeske |
Sanionia uncinata is a pleurocarpes deciduous moss from the Scorpidiaceae family . German-language names are Hakiges Hakenmoos , Hakiges Sichelmoos , Krallenmoos , synonyms are Hypnum uncinatum Hedw. or Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst.
features
Sanionia uncinata forms loose, yellowish-green to brownish-green, glossy lawns with 5 to 10 centimeters long prostrate to ascending, firm and coarse, distantly pinnate trunks. The hook-shaped ends of the rungs and branches are characteristic. In the area of the shoots there are lanceolate-awl paraphyllia . The trunk cross-section has a small-cell central cord, the bark layer consists of about five rows of thick-walled bark cells and a single-layer hyaline outer cortex.
The stem leaves are strongly crescent-shaped, one-sided, 3.5 to 5 millimeters long, deeply longitudinally folded and gradually drawn out from a broader base into a very long, thread-like point. The base of the leaf does not or hardly runs down the stem. The leaf margins are flat and finely serrated, the leaf vein extends over the middle of the leaf or more often into the leaf tip. The lamina cells in the middle of the leaf are narrow-linear, 5 µm wide and twelve to twenty times as long, those of the leaf base are elongated, rectangular and potted. A small group of thin-walled, hyaline and enlarged cells is found in the leaf wings. Branch leaves are somewhat smaller, narrower and more curved than the stem leaves.
The moss carries antheridia and archegonia on different branches on the same plant (autocial) and quite often forms sporogons. The purple seta is up to 3 centimeters long, the capsule with a double peristome is cylindrical, inclined and curved, the conical lid has a short pointed tip. The finely granulated spores are 12 to 18 µm in size. Spore ripening time is in spring and summer.
Sanionia uncinata is a variety of forms. Especially in higher mountain areas there are quite delicate forms that are very similar to Ctenidium molluscum or Hypnum cupressiforme .
Location claims and distribution
Sanionia uncinata grows in light to partially shaded, fresh to moist locations on boulders, moist earth, rotten wood, on tree roots or tree stumps.
In Europe, the species is widespread and locally common, but in the south it is restricted to higher mountains. There are also deposits in Asia, North America and Greenland. Information about occurrences in the southern hemisphere is considered to be in need of verification.
In terms of plant sociology , Sanionia uncinata forms a character species of the Drepanoclado uncinati-Heliospermetum pusilli association, which falls within the Southeast European snow valley communities of the stump-leaved willow (Salicion retusae Horvat 1948). In the north-west Slovenian Karst ( Trnovski gozd and Snežnik ) the Drepanoclado uncinati-Heliospermetum pusilli Surina & Vreš association settles snow valleys that are formed in the depression of the glacial karst by temperature inversion. In addition to Sanionia , there are the small radiant seeds ( Heliosperma pusillum ) and the blunt-leaved willow character species on solid periglacial block heaps in cool, humid locations within the depressions. Viola biflora , Carex capillaris , Chrysosplenium alternifolium , Carex atrata , Polygonum viviparum and Festuca nitida appear as other accompanying species , while among the mosses Oncophorus virens , Campylium stellatum , Polytrichum alpinum , Pohlia elongata subsp. elongata and Orthothecium rufescens are the most common species. Only Norway spruce , lashed alpine rose and large-leaved willow can be found in the shrub layer, or these fail completely due to the extreme climatic conditions.
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
- Martin Nebel, Georg Philippi (ed.): The mosses of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part, (Bryophytina II, Schistostegales to Hypnobryales). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3530-2 .
swell
- ↑ Boštjan Surina, Branko Vreš: The Association Drepanoclado Uncinati-Heliospermetum Pusilli (Arabidetalia Caeruleae, Thlaspietea Rotundifolii) in the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (Slovenia, NW Dinaric Mts). In: Hacquetia. Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009, ISSN 1581-4661 , pp. 31-40, doi : 10.2478 / v10028-009-0001-3 .
