Santa Maria Assunta (Bovino)

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Santa Maria Assunta

Main facade to the east to the forecourt

Denomination : Roman Catholic
Patronage : St. Mary
Rank: Basilica minor
Address: Piazza Duomo
71023 Bovino

Coordinates: 41 ° 15 ′ 4.9 ″  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 26.5 ″  E

Santa Maria Assunta in the Apulian town of Bovino was the cathedral of the Bovino diocese , which was incorporated into the Foggia-Bovino Archdiocese in 1986 , and has been co- cathedral since then . It has the rank of a basilica minor and is probably the oldest church building on Apulian soil, in which the Latin rite was celebrated. Known and art-historical interest, it is because of the contained in it spoils and the various medieval Kapitell- and base forms. The church was severely damaged in an earthquake in 1930 and rebuilt from 1934 to 1936.

Location and naming

The church is located in the historic center of Bovino with the main facade facing east on the Piazza Duomo named after it . It was named after the Assumption of Mary ( Italian Assunzione di Maria ).

Building history

Although it has not been proven by archaeological excavations, the literature nonetheless assumes that the first construction at this point was in the 7th century. The construction of a church at the end of the 10th century is certain. This building may have been damaged when the city was destroyed in 1045 by Count Drogo of Apulia . Perhaps because of that or because of general dilapidation, this church was completely rebuilt. This building was consecrated in 1231. A century later, the church was fundamentally redesigned again. During this work in the tenure of Bishop Giacomo from 1310 to 1328, the church received its present form. In order to finance necessary repairs, the cathedral chapter of Bovino left Pope Leo XIII. in 1900 two biblical manuscripts from the 11th century and received a large amount of money in return. Large parts collapsed in an earthquake in 1930, and in the following years up to 1936 the building was as good as new using the old, still usable pieces. The type of rebuilding is considered "exemplary". Pope Paul VI raised the church to the rank of minor basilica in 1970.

facade

The wide facade on Domplatz reflects the conditions inside. In keeping with the basilica design of the building, three portals lead into the interior above a wide staircase. In terms of its dimensions, the facade is a classic Apulian Romanesque facade , but also contains traces of Gothic , as can be recognized by the pointed arches above the main and northern side portal. The facade is not, as usual, at right angles to the building, but it was erected at a slight angle to it, seven degrees missing from the right angle. An inscription names a Zanus Gallicus and the year 1231 for its construction. In the main portal there are pilasters on both sides on the inside , the pointed arch is stepped in two ways. Of the window rosette, only the frame and the arch above with two decorated columns have survived; they may give an impression of its former splendor. The remainder of a bull figure has been preserved in the top of the gable.

Interior

inner space

According to its design, the church has a central nave and two side aisles, and a small wooden dome rises above the crossing over the inserted trumpets . The basilicas in Latium and Campania may have served as a model for the construction of this type of sacred structure . The transept does not extend beyond the width specified by the ships, which is also an indication of the models mentioned. The arcades of the high walls of the central nave are each supported by four columns. The transept is slightly raised, the choir behind the high altar with its two yokes dates from the beginning of the 17th century, originally a medieval apse was probably located here.

The masonry spoils, capitals and bases of different centuries are of importance. The underlay with bases was partly necessary because the column shafts - all eight are antique - have different heights. The capitals partly follow Ionic and partly Corinthian order, are mostly from the 10th century, but were occasionally reworked later. The Corinthian capitals are mostly imitations of the ancient models and of different quality, recognizable by the difference between the capital of the first column on the left - looking from the portal to the choir - and the capital of the fourth column on the left. The stylistic assignment of the medieval bases is difficult and not clear.

The capitals of the arches of the presbytery were made before the 10th century. It is conceivable that it will be the predecessor of the 7./8. Century, possibly as portal components. The left capital shows a human figure between wild animals, on the surrounding side further early Christian symbolism, such as a sheep, two deer and a cross. The right-hand capital shows the motif Daniel in the lions' den. The inscription is partially destroyed, you can see "DANIEL [IN SPEL] UNCA" and "CUM LEONEM". A representation of animals with vines, grapes and vine leaves is on the second side of the capital. On the third page there are two doves with twigs in their beaks, left and right of a cross, next to them a palm branch.

In the walls of the nave walled there are three of stucco made transennae . They are very rare examples of this type and were originally the windows of the church. They probably date from the 11th century and are clearly related to Lombard art.

Chiesa di San Marco

The Chiesa di San Marco , also called Cappella San Marco or Chiesetta di San Marco , is incorporated into the cathedral complex ; originally it stood free next to the cathedral. It is a building from the late 12th century, completed and consecrated on May 18, 1197 by Bishop Robert von Bovino and six colleagues. The building is one of the two city saints of Bovino, St. Marco d'Eca , whose bones, according to tradition , were found by Bishop Robert I after 1090 .

Two entrances lead into the church, one from the inside of the cathedral, on the west wall of the north arm of the transept, and a portal from the outside in the extension of the outer wall of the north aisle. In the tympanum of the outer portal there is a relief of the saint between two deacons .

The church itself is a simple hall building with a barrel vault, the sides are provided with blind arcades. The small square choir has a dome.

literature

  • Pina Belli D'Elia u. a .: Alle sorgenti del Romanico Puglia XI secolo - Catalog: Bari, Pinacoteca Provinciale, Giugno - December 1975. Edizioni Dedalo; Bari 1975
  • Rolf Legler: Apulia: 7000 years of history and art in the land of cathedrals, forts and trulli. DuMont Verlag; Cologne 1987, ISBN 3-7701-1986-X
  • Valentino Pace: Art monuments in southern Italy - Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria. Knowledge Buchges .; Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-534-08443-8
  • Ekkehart Rotter: Apulia . Trips to Byzantine grotto churches, Norman cathedrals, Hohenstaufen forts and baroque buildings in Lecce. (=  DuMont art travel guide ). 6th edition. Dumont Reise Verlag, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 3-7701-4314-0 .
  • Ludwig Tavernier: Apulia. Artemis Publishing House; Munich 1987, ISBN 3-7608-0792-5
  • Carl Arnold Willemsen : Apulia - Cathedrals and castles. 2nd ed.; DuMont Schauberg; Cologne 1973, ISBN 3-7701-0581-8

Web links

Commons : Santa Maria Assunta (Bovino)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Legler: Apulien , p. 86
  2. ↑ See Legler: Apulien , p. 87; Belli D'Elia u. a .: Alle sorgenti del Romanico Puglia XI secolo , p. 11
  3. ↑ a b Willemsen: Apulien , p. 50
  4. ↑ Willemsen: Apulien , p. 50, but with number rotated 1054
  5. ↑ Marco Vattasso : Le due bibbie di Bovino, ora Codici Vaticani Latini 10510-10511 e le loro note storiche , Roma 1900, p. 5 (Studi e Testi 2)
  6. ↑ a b Rotter: Apulien , p. 106
  7. ↑ a b c Belli D'Elia u. a .: Alle sorgenti del Romanico Puglia XI secolo , p. 12
  8. ^ Willemsen: Apulia , p. 51
  9. ↑ in detail Belli D'Elia u. a .: Alle sorgenti del Romanico Puglia XI secolo , p. 12
  10. ↑ a b c Rotter: Apulien , p. 107
  11. ↑ a b c Belli D'Elia u. a .: Alle sorgenti del Romanico Puglia XI secolo , p. 14
  12. ↑ a b Legler: Apulien , p. 87
  13. ↑ Interpretation according to Belli D'Elia u. a .: Alle sorgenti del Romanico Puglia XI secolo , p. 15
  14. ↑ Thus reported a note in the Vat. Lat. 10 511, fol. 253v, edited by Marco Vattasso: Le due bibbie di Bovino, ora Codici Vaticani Latini 10510-10511 e le loro note storiche , Roma 1900, pp. 19-22 (Studi e Testi 2)