Sapphire macilia

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Sapphire macilia
Sapphire macilia (Amazilia lactea)

Sapphire macilia ( Amazilia lactea )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : Sapphire macilia
Scientific name
Amazilia lactea
( Lesson , 1832)

The sapphire macilia ( Amazilia lactea ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Brazil , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The sapphire macilia reaches a body length of only about 9 centimeters with a weight of about 5 grams. The straight beak is up to 20 millimeters long. The black upper bill clearly differs from the flesh red lower bill with its dark tips. The top, the wing-coverts and the underside are dark bronze-green. The throat shines dark blue. The hummingbird has a white spot behind the eye. The abdominal center stripe and the rump are white. The white underbelly is adorned with dark lines. The wings are blackish purple while the tail is blackish blue.

distribution and habitat

Sapphire macilia in flight

You can see the bird in open to semi-open plains. It is often found in gardens around inhabited houses. They are found on the edges of forests, especially near rivers. In Venezuela it was first observed on the Auyan-Tepui at heights of up to 1100 meters.

Subspecies

So far, three subspecies of the sapphire macilia are known, which differ mainly in their color.

Subspecies of the sapphire macilia ( Amazilia lactea ) with description and their respective area of ​​distribution
A. l. lactea ( Lesson , 1832) Nominate form already described above. Southeast of Brazil from the state of Bahia to Paraná
A. l. bartletti ( Gould , 1866) Under tail-coverts in contrast to the nominate form dark gray-brown to bronze-brown with a gray or white narrow edge. Very common in the plains of central and southern Peru, as well as in northern Bolivia. In Ecuador, this subspecies has been sighted near Pompeya, but this sighting has not been clearly verified.
A. l. zimmeri ( Gilliard , 1941) Throat patches less shiny than in the nominate form. Each feather has an invisible white stripe at the end. The blue-violet reflections on the throat and side of the neck are much lighter. Lateral flanks more bronze green than purple green. The white median strip a little wider. In Bolívar in southeastern Venezuela on the Río Caura and Río Paragua . At the Auyan-Tepui at an altitude of 1100 meters.

behavior

Distribution area of ​​the sapphire macilia

The hummingbird builds its nest in the shape of a bowl and horizontally on the branches. The nest is usually made of cotton, flying seeds, and spider threads that hold the nest together. The breeding season lasts 14 days and is from November to January. One egg weighs about 0.46 grams.

Alternative names

Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann and André-Alexander Weller divided the genus Amazilia into the following genres, including based on the historical classification of Peters 1945:

  • Leucippus
  • Amazilia
  • Agyrtria
  • Polyerata
  • Saucerottia

They classified the sapphire macilia in the genus Polyerata . However, there are contrary opinions on this. The South American Check-list Committee doubts the reorganization of Amazilia due to a lack of data.

Etymology and history of research

Sapphire lazily (Amazilia lactea) painted by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre Subspecies Amazilia lactea bartletti painted by William Matthew Hart (1830–1908)
Sapphire lazily ( Amazilia lactea ) painted by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre
Subspecies Amazilia lactea bartletti painted by William Matthew Hart (1830–1908)

René Primevère Lesson described the sapphire macilia under the name Ornismya lactea . Several type specimens supposedly came from Brazil and Guinea, but at least the location of Guinea is questionable. Later the species was assigned to the genus Amazilia . This word comes from a novella by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou, of an Inca heroine named Amazili. "Lactea" is Latin for "milk-colored". The name of the subspecies »bartletti« honors Edward Bartlett (1836–1908), who collected on the Río Ucayali . The name "zimmeri" is a dedication to John Todd Zimmer (1889–1957), who played a major role in the description of this subspecies.

literature

  • Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 , p. 99.
  • Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X , p. 357.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8721-8 , pp. 264 ff.
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor : A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-691-08188-3 , p. 146.
  • Rolf Grantsau : The hummingbirds of Brazil. Expressao e Cultura. Rio de Janeiro. 1988, ISBN 85-208-0101-3 , p. 107 ff.
  • JL Peters: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Family Trochilidae. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1945.
  • AA Weller In: K.-L. Schuchmann: Handbook of Birds of the World. Volume 5: Barn-owls to hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 1999.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • René Primevère Lesson: Histoire naturelle des colibris: suivie d'un supplément à l'Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches: ouvrage orné de planches dessinées et gravées par les meilleurs artistes: et dédié AM le Baron Cuvier. - 66 panels (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1831 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 13, 2014]).
  • in René Primevère Lesson : Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches, ouvrage orné de planches desinées et gravée par les meilleurs artistes et dédié A SAR Mademoiselle. - 81 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet, Marie Clémence Lesson after Louis Pierre Vieillot, Antoine Charles Vauthier after William Swainson, Pancrace Bessa , Elisa Zoé Dumont de Sainte Croix) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1829 ( gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de [accessed on April 18, 2014]).
  • René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition . tape 1 : Zoology , No. 2 . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 18, 2014]).
  • John Gould in Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: Catalog of Birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1866 . tape 2 , 1866, p. 175–201 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 13, 2014]).
  • Ernest Thomas Gilliard: The birds of Mt. Auyan-tepui, Venezuela . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 77 , no. 9 , 1941, pp. 439–508 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 17.4 MB ; accessed on April 13, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Saphiramazilie ( Amazilia lactea )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson (1831), p. 98, Plate 56 appeared in Lesson (1829).
  3. ^ John Gould, p. 194.
  4. ↑ a b Ernest Thomas Gilliard, p. 471.
  5. ↑ Weller in Schuchmann 1999
  6. ↑ Proposal (# 56) to South American Check-list Committee Continue to recognize broad genus Amazilia ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  7. ↑ René Primevère Lesson (1829), p. 173 ( gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de ).
  8. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1828), p. 684.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 217.
  10. ↑ John Gould, p. 175. The title of the article indicates that the dedication was not for his father Abraham Dee Bartlett (1812-1897).