Satellite bus

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Communication satellite bus and payload module

A satellite bus or satellite platform is the basic framework with systems such as drive and power supply that enables the operation of a satellite or space probe . The payload of devices and instruments that are required for the specific purpose of the respective spacecraft is built into the bus.

Some manufacturers offer fully developed and mass-produced satellite buses that can be equipped with various payloads. That lowers development costs. Standardized satellite buses are used particularly frequently for communication satellites , whereas research satellites tend to be custom-made and the satellite bus is usually newly developed.

construction

A satellite bus consists first of all of the basic mechanical structure as a carrier for the various subsystems. In the case of standardized satellite buses, this largely determines the subsequent configuration of the satellite on the bus. The structure absorbs the static and dynamic loads during start-up and operation of the satellite and is also decisive for the vibration and resonance behavior of the satellite bus and, broadly speaking, responsible for its thermal behavior. The subsystems are then integrated into the primary structure, such as energy supply ( solar cells , accumulators ), the temperature control system , the drive system for position and position control (path control) . the on-board computer system for control and data management , often communication systems as well.

Technical data of various platforms

The best-known providers of standardized satellite platforms are Boeing , Space Systems / Loral , Thales Alenia Space and Airbus Defense and Space . In addition to their size, performance and price, they differ primarily in terms of their service life and their focus on special tasks.

providers designation payload Total mass Electrical
power		 operation area Lifespan years Use
remarks
Boeing Boeing 376 (BSS or HP) about 24 transponders 1–1.75 t 0.8 kW
2.0 kW		 GEO about 10 Various solar cell types , spin stabilized
Boeing 601 (BSS or HP) up to 48 (LS) or 60 (HP) transponders 2.5-4.5 t 4.8 kW
10 kW (HP)		 GEO / MEO around 15 GaAs solar cells, optional ion drive
Boeing 702 4.5–6.5 t 7-18 kW GEO around 15 GeAs solar cells, ion drive in the GEO
Boeing 702 MP 5.8-6.16 t 13.6-18 kW GEO around 15 GeAs solar cells, ion drive in the GEO
Boeing 702 SP approx. 1.8 t 3–8 kW GEO around 15 GeAs solar cells, only ion propulsion
SS / L SSL 1300 5-15 kW GEO 15? SpainSAT
LS 400 ? 450 kg 1.1 kW GEO 7th
Orbital Science GeoStar 200-500 kg 5 kW GEO 15th Intelsat 16
OHB SmallGEO 300 kg 3 kW GEO 15th electric drive
TAS Spacebus 3000 GEO
Iridium NEXT LEO 66 + 6 satellites in series production for Iridium as a replacement for the first generation of satellites, which is still in use.
Spacebus 4000 3.0-5.9 t up to 15.8 kW (up to 11.6 kW payload) GEO 15th
Proteus 500 kg 0.5 kW LEO 5 Jason , CALIPSO , SMOS
TAS + Astrium Alphabus Max. 2 t Max. 8.8 t Max. 22 kW GEO 15th chemical and electric drive
Airbus Defense and Space Eurostar E2000 + 550 kg 3.4 t 4-7 kW GEO 12
Eurostar E3000 4.8–6.0 t 12 kW GEO 15th optional electric drive
Flexibus LEO
Gammabus 300 kg 1.8 kW LEO
Astrium SAS Pleiades 300 kg? 600 kg 1.4 kW LEO 7th
Astrium SAS / CNES myriad 80 kg 0.06 kW LEO 2 SPIRAL , Picard , Merlin
Astro and precision engineering TET 50 kg 120 kg 0.07-0.16 kW (payload, short-term) LEO about 10 Technology testing
Lockheed Martin A2100 2.8-6.6 t 1-15 kW GEO 15th USA 207
LM700A 689 kg Max. 2 kW LEO 20th Iridium - first generation (in commercial operation since 1998). A total of 92 pieces were made.
Iss Reshetnev Ekspress-1000 0.75-1.6 t ? kW GEO 10-15 Lutsch 5A, B
CAST DFH-4 Max. 488 kg 5-5.2 t 10.5 kW GEO 15th Paksat 1R
Mitsubishi Electric DS-2000 5-5.2 t 10.5 kW GEO 15th Türksat 4A
Surrey Satellite Technology SSTL-100 100 kg 703 km, SSE 5
SSTL-300 350 kg 500 km, SSE 7th
SSTL-900
RKK Energija USP 1.7 t GEO 15th AngoSat-1

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hughes / Boeing: HS-376 / BSS-376 (Gunter's Space Page)
  2. ↑ DLR - SmallGEO platform
  3. ↑ Proteus on Gunters Space Page
  4. ↑ Proteus at CNES ( Memento of October 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Alphabus Fact Sheet ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ CNES: Myriad
  7. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/npopm_ekspress-1000.htm
  8. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luch-5a.htm
  9. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/amos-5.htm
  10. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/ch__dfh-4.htm
  11. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/paksat-1r.htm
  12. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/melco_ds-2000.htm
  13. ↑ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/turksat-4a.htm
  14. ↑ SSTL 100 v 3.0 ( Memento from July 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ SSTL 300 S1 ( Memento from June 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ AngoSat 1 - Gunter's Space Page. space.skyrocket.de, accessed on January 7, 2018 .