Sauroglossum
| Sauroglossum | ||||||||||||
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Sauroglossum nitidum |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sauroglossum | ||||||||||||
| Lindl. |
Sauroglossum is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains eleven species that are common in South America.
description
The Sauroglossum species are relatively large, herbaceous plants that grow terrestrially. The roots are clustered together, they are hairy and thickened cylindrical to spindle-shaped. The leaves are present at flowering time or appear later. They are in a basic rosette. The leaf base ends in a wedge shape in a stem. The leaf blade is oval to inverted ovate, it ends pointed. The leaf margin may be slightly translucent.
The upright shoot continues above the leaves as an inflorescence stalk , it is covered by bracts . In the lower area it is bald, further above it is hairy glandular. The racemose inflorescence is multi-flowered, loose to dense with small to medium-sized flowers . They are usually not one-sided. The ovary is curved, more or less cylindrical, very short stalked, somewhat twisted. The flowers form a tube, they are yellow to reddish, with some species also greenish white. The sepals are roughly shaped like each other, quite fleshy, not fused together. They are hairy glandular on the outside. The dorsal sepal is erect and concave. The lateral sepals run down the base of the column and form a short, round chin with it. The petals are of thinner texture, adhering to the dorsal sepal. The lip is sessile, quite fleshy, the basal part elongated and furrowed, the front part shell-shaped. At the base of the lip there are elongated, fleshy thickenings (nectar glands) on the edge or slightly inward. The column is slender and elongated, it extends short, but clearly beyond the point of attachment at the ovary (column foot). The scar consists of two areas, each on the side of the rostellum, they are separated by a fold running along the center of the column. The stamen is oval with a rounded elevation. It contains the club-shaped pollinia that hang on a small, round adhesive disc (Viscidium). The dividing tissue between the stamen and the stamen (rostellum) is thin, short, broadly triangular, with a pit (fovea) at the tip, merging into a thin tissue that surrounds the stamen (clinandrium). The capsule fruit is oval.
distribution
Sauroglossum occurs in South America in two separate areas. One stretches along the Andes from Colombia via Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru to Chile and Argentina. The other is in southeastern Brazil. Some species occur up to altitudes of 3700 meters. They grow in dense or loosened forests, in bushes, in grasslands and on rocky slopes.
Systematics and botanical history
Sauroglossum is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genus was described by Lindley in 1833 . The name is made up of the Greek words σαῦρος sauros , "lizard", and γλῶσσα glossa , "tongue". Lindley compared the leaves with the tongue of "antediluvian dinosaurs" and the petals with the tongue of today's lizards.
The genus Sauroglossum is outwardly similar to the genera Brachystele , Thelyschista and Odontorrhynchus . The flowers are comparable to those of some species from the genus Pelexia ; DNA studies also showed a relationship to Pelexia .
The following species are included in the genus Sauroglossum :
- Sauroglossum andinum (Hauman) Garay : It occurs in Ecuador and northwestern Argentina.
- Sauroglossum aurantiacum (C.Schweinf.) Garay : It occurs only in Peru.
- Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Garay : It occurs in Peru and Bolivia.
- Sauroglossum distans Lindl. ex Garay : It only occurs in Bolivia.
- Sauroglossum dromadum Szlach. : It occurs in Peru.
- Sauroglossum elatum Lindl. : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador and from Brazil to northern Argentina.
- Sauroglossum longiflorum (Schltr.) Garay : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador.
- Sauroglossum odoratum Robatsch : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.
- Sauroglossum organense Szlach. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.
- Sauroglossum schweinfurthianum Garay : It occurs in Peru.
- Sauroglossum sellilabre (Griseb.) Schltr. : It occurs from southern Paraguay to northwestern Argentina.
No longer counted in this genus:
- Sauroglossum nitidum (Vell.) Schltr. => Buchtienia nitida (Vell.) Fraga & Meneguzzo
literature
- Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 .
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982.
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Leslie Garay: Sauroglossum . In: Flora of Ecuador . Pp. 244-245.
- ↑ a b Leslie Garay: Sauroglossum . In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Pp. 335-336.
- ↑ a b c d Gerardo Salazar: Sauroglossum . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 250-253.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Sauroglossum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 9, 2016.
