Odontorrhynchus

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Odontorrhynchus
Odontorrhynchus domeykoanus

Odontorrhynchus domeykoanus

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Spiranthinae
Genre : Odontorrhynchus
Scientific name
Odontorrhynchus
MNCorrea

Odontorrhynchus is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains six species that are common in the Andes of South America.

description

The Odontorrhynchus species are small, herbaceous plants that grow terrestrially. The roots are clustered together, they are fleshy, cylindrical or spindle-shaped to bulbous. The leaves are in a basal rosette and are often withered by the time they bloom. The leaves are short stalked, the leaf blade is oval, the leaf edge can be slightly translucent.

The racemose inflorescence is hairy, especially in the upper area. It is encased by tubular to lanceolate bracts , of which the lower leaves can be formed like leaves . The margin of bracts and bracts is fringed or ciliated. The ovary is only indistinctly stalked, obliquely spindle-shaped and more or less twisted, covered with short hair. The numerous, close together flowers are small, their color is whitish or greenish, with yellow parts on the lip . The flowers are tubular and horizontal. The sepals are hairy on the outside, they are roughly parallel to each other and thus form a tube, only the tips are slightly curved outwards. The dorsal sepal is straight; the lateral sepals sit with an asymmetrical base on the base of the column and form a recess there, but are not fused together. The petals are linear, widest above the middle, with the inner edge adhering to the dorsal sepal, the edges are ciliate or slightly toothed. The base of the lip is seated or somewhat nailed, the nectar glands on its edge are free or fused with the blade. The blade is runny, the sides are bent upwards and adhere to the column . There may be two fleshy keels on the lip, the front edge is somewhat irregularly shaped or wavy. The column is rather short, it extends a little beyond the point of attachment at the ovary and forms a short column foot. It is club-shaped and can be hairy on the underside. The scar is an oval to bilobed surface lying transversely to the column axis. The stamen is oval-hood-shaped, with a membranous tip at the front and heart-shaped at the base. It is surrounded by a thin tissue of the column (clinandrium). The pale yellow pollinia are club-shaped, grooved lengthways, they hang on an oval to tongue-shaped glutinous gland (Viscidium). The dividing tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is cartilaginous, broadly triangular, tapering into a slightly three-lobed or three-toothed end. The viscidium surrounds the rostellum like a sheath or sits in a large, V-shaped, frontal pit of the rostellum. The capsule fruit is oval.

Occurrence

Odontorrhynchus occurs in South America from Bolivia in the north to Peru and Argentina to Chile in the south. The species occur in the temperate south in lower altitudes, rise further north to altitudes of 3000 meters. They grow in sparse forests, bushes and in grasslands, often in open, rocky places.

Systematics and botanical history

Odontorrhynchus is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genus was described by Maevia Noemí Correa in 1953 . The name is made up of the Greek words ὀδούς odonthos , "tooth", and ῥύγχος rhynchos , "beak". It refers to the dentate rostellum. The type species is Odontorrhynchus castillonii , before Correa's publication of the new genus it was named Stenorrhynchos .

The genus Odontorrhynchus is outwardly similar to the genera Brachystele , Thelyschista and Sauroglossum . According to DNA studies, at least Odontorrhynchus variabilis is closely related to Pelexia .

The following species are included in the genus Odontorrhynchus :

literature

  • Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982.
  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 , page 229. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Gerardo Salazar: Odontorrhynchus . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 229-232.
  2. ↑ a b Leslie Garay: Odontorrhynchus . In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Pp. 340-341.
  3. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Odontorrhynchus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  4. ↑ Maevia Noemí Correa: Un nuevo género y cuatro especies nuevas de orquídeas Argentinas . In: Darwiniana . Vol. 10, 1953, pp. 157-163.

Further information

Web links

Commons : Odontorrhynchus  - album with pictures, videos and audio files