Stenorrhynchos

Stenorrhynchos
	Stenorrhynchos speciosum
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Spiranthinae
Genre :	Stenorrhynchos
Scientific name
	Stenorrhynchos
	Rich. ex explos.

Stenorrhynchos is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains five species that are native to Central and South America.

description

The Stenorrhynchos species are herbaceous plants. The roots stand together in clusters, they are fleshy, stalked cylindrical to fusiform, thickened, hairy. The leaves form a basal rosette, rarely they are distributed in the lower part of the stem. The leaf shape is oval to lanceolate, pointed to long at the front, the leaf base ends in a wedge shape in a petiole.

The terminal, racemose inflorescence is hairless. The inflorescence stalk is covered by large bracts . The numerous, close together flowers are resupinated , without fragrance, their color is red. The lanceolate bracts are also colored red. The hairless ovary is crooked club-shaped to oval, sessile or short-stalked, somewhat twisted. The sepals are shaped like each other, free, standing parallel to each other and thus forming a tube, tightly against each other, the tips point outwards. The dorsal sepal is concave and not fused with the column . The lateral sepals are slightly asymmetrical at the base, slightly bulged there, and keeled lengthways on the outside. The petals adhere to the dorsal sepal, their tip is not free. The lip is seated, at the base bowl-shaped with lateral nectar glands protruding as crescent-shaped thickenings. The ridge of the lip is curved so that the sides of the column adhere. The tip of the lip is bent down. At the base the lip is hairy on the outside, in the middle it is hairy on the inside. The column is short and thick, slightly club-shaped, hairy, with a clearly asymmetrical base that extends beyond the point of attachment to the ovary ("columnar foot", this part is less or not at all hairy). The scar is round to semicircular. The stamen is narrow-oval to lanceolate, with a heart-shaped base, pointed at the front. The whitish pollinia are linear-club-shaped with a long, linear-lanceolate, gray adhesive disc (Viscidium). The dividing tissue between the stamen and stigma (rostellum) is stiff, linear and pointed. The capsule fruit is oval.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

Stenorrhynchos speciosum

Occurrence

Stenorrhynchos is common from Mexico across Central America and the Caribbean as well as in the Andes of South America. They occur up to altitudes of 600 to 3000 meters, Stenorrhynchos vaginatum colonizes higher altitudes up to 4200 meters. This species grows on rocky slopes and in the páramo , the other species in ever-humid forests. Except for Stenorrhynchos speciosum , which mostly grows epiphytically , the species are terrestrial.

Systematics and botanical history

Stenorrhynchos is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genus was described by Curt Sprengel in 1826 . The name is derived from the Greek στενός stenos , "narrow" and ρύγχος rhynchos , "snout", and refers to the narrow rostellum. Type species is Stenorrhynchos speciosum . Many species of the Spiranthinae with a pointed, stiff rostellum were classified in stenorrhynchos . Garay's revision from 1982 defined the genus much more narrowly, with only nine species. In 2002 Gerardo Salazar and Soto Arenas placed a number of these in the genus Dichromanthus ; In 2005, three new species were described by Christenson . Related genera are Eltroplectris , Mesadenella , Sacoila and Thelyschista .

The following species are included in the genus Stenorrhynchos :

Stenorrhynchos albidomaculatum Christenson : It occurs in Colombia and Venezuela.
Stenorrhynchos austrocompactum Christenson : It occurs in northern Peru.
Stenorrhynchos glicensteinii Christenson : It occurs in Mexico and Costa Rica.
Stenorrhynchos speciosum (Jacq.) Rich. : It occurs from Mexico to Peru and on islands in the Caribbean.
Stenorrhynchos vaginatum (Kunth) Spreng. : It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

literature

Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 241 .
Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . Volume 28, No. 4 , 1982, ISSN 0006-8098 .
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Leslie Garay: Stenorrhynchos . In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Cambridge Mass 1982, pp. 372-373.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gerardo Salazar: Stenorrhynchos . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3. Oxford University Press, New York 2003, pp. 267-270. ISBN 0-19-850711-9
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Stenorrhynchos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 21, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Stenorrhynchos - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Garay-1] Leslie Garay: Stenorrhynchos . In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Cambridge Mass 1982, pp. 372-373.

[Salazar-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gerardo Salazar: Stenorrhynchos . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3. Oxford University Press, New York 2003, pp. 267-270. ISBN 0-19-850711-9

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Stenorrhynchos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 21, 2018.