Kurt Sprengel

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Kurt Sprengel

Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel , Latinized Curtius Sprengel (born August 3, 1766 in Boldekow near Anklam in Pomerania ; † March 15, 1833 in Halle an der Saale ), was a German physician , botanist , pathologist and medical historian. He was the nephew of Christian Konrad Sprengel (1750-1816). Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Spreng. "

life and work

Sprengel was the son of a teacher and later clergyman named Johann Friedrich Sprengel (1726–1808 or 1810) and his wife Christiane Sophie Adelung (* approx. 1730). The parents married on March 10, 1760. His wife was the sister of the Germanist Johann Christoph Adelung (1731–1806).

Both had two children, Karl Sprengel and his sister Friedericke Sprengel, who later became a stonemason.

Kurt Sprengel had received language lessons from his father and a tutor. On Saturday, April 16, 1785, Sprengel was enrolled at the University of Halle , where he first studied theology, but then medicine. In 1787 he received his doctorate on the subject of Rudimentorum nosologiae dynamicorum prolegomena .

On Friday, August 17, 1787, he completed his studies with a doctorate and became a private lecturer with an annual income of 50 thalers. Until 1795 he practiced as a doctor, secret medical councilor and was an associate professor . From 1789 he first read lectures as an associate professor, but was appointed full professor at the medical faculty from 1795 . In addition, the Ordinariate of Botany was added from 1797. In 1795 he became director of the Halle Botanical Garden, founded in 1696 . In 1791 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1793 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . Since 1809 he was a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

From his marriage in 1791 to the daughter of the wealthy Kröllwitz paper manufacturer Keferstein, Sophia Henriette Caroline Keferstein (1767–1839), three sons, Wilhelm (1792–1828), Gustav (1794–1841) and Anton Sprengel (1803–1854), emerged. He was also the guardian of August Dieskau (1805-1889).

As director of the botanical garden in Halle, he brought it to a great reputation. He microscoped and disputed a. a. with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) and received his visit in his house on Jägerplatz (today Jägerplatz 24). So Goethe visited him on Sunday, July 11th, 1802 and visited the Botanical Garden with Sprengel. This house next to the Botanical Garden was built especially for Sprengel in 1794. Sprengel is considered to be one of the fathers of medical historiography.

Kurt Sprengel's final resting place is in the Laurentiuskirchhof in Halle , not far from his domicile on Jägerplatz and the botanical garden.

Taxa named after Sprengel

The genus Curtia Cham. & Schltdl. from the gentian family (Gentianaceae) have been named after him. In contrast, the plant genus Sprengelia Sm. From the heather family (Ericaceae) has been named in honor of his uncle, Christian Konrad Sprengel .

Fonts

Volumes 1 ( urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 2-20751 ) and 2 ( urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 2-22487 )

  • Kurt Sprengel: Kurt Sprengel's Handbook of Semiotics . 1815, urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 2-145852 .
  • Instructions for knowing the plants . (1802-1804 and 1817-1818).
  • Flora Halensis . (1806-1815).
  • Institutiones pharmacologiae . (6 volumes; 1809-1819).
  • About the structure and nature of the plants . 1812.
  • Plantarum Umbelliferarum prodromus… 1813.
  • Plantarum minus cognitarum pugillus . (1813-1815).
  • History of botany . (2 volumes; 1817-1818).
  • Species umbelliferarum minus cognitae illustratae . 1818.
  • History of surgery . 1819.
  • History of medicine . 1820.
  • New discoveries in the full range of botany . (1820-1822).
  • as editor: Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De materia medica libri quinque. Part 1–2. Cnobloch, Leipzig 1829-1830.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kurt Sprengel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogy of Sprengler's mother
  2. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 2005, p. 1351.
  3. ^ List of members Leopoldina, Kurt Sprengel
  4. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 230.
  5. ^ B. Zepernick, W. Meretz: Christian Konrad Sprengel's life in relation to his family and his time . On the occasion of his 250th birthday. (PDF)
  6. ↑ Photograph of the house on Jägerplatz in Halle (Saale)
  7. ^ Gero von Wilpert : Goethe-Lexikon (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 407). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-40701-9 .
  8. ^ Michael Pantenius: Scholars, world viewers, also poets… mdv Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2006, ISBN 3-89812-393-6 ; Alfred Kröner, Stuttgart 1998
  9. ↑ a b Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymic plant names - extended edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Sprengel, Kurt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim; Sprengel, Curt Polycarp Joachim
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist and physician
DATE OF BIRTH August 3, 1766
PLACE OF BIRTH Boldekow at Anklam
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1833
Place of death Halle on the Saale