Sacoila

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Sacoila
Sacoila lanceolata

Sacoila lanceolata

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Spiranthinae
Genre : Sacoila
Scientific name
Sacoila
Raf.

Sacoila is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains eight species that are native to tropical America.

description

The Sacoila species are herbaceous plants. On a short rhizome the roots are in clusters, they are fleshy, stalked, bulbous, thickened, glabrous or hairy. The leaves are in a basal rosette or a rosette that extends slightly up the stem. They are usually already withered at the time of flowering. The leaf shape is oval to lanceolate, the leaf base is wedge-shaped, there is no petiole. The leaf margins can be slightly translucent.

The terminal, racemose inflorescence is hairy in the upper area. Some green or reddish-brown, ciliate bracts partially surround it. The numerous, close together flowers are resupinated , fleshy, without fragrance, their color is light green, yellow or red. The green or red bracts are lanceolate. The hairy ovary is stalked, often curved, spindle-shaped and often slightly asymmetrical in shape. The sepals are hairy on the outside, lie against each other and thus form a tube, their tips are bent back. The upward-pointing (dorsal) sepal is lanceolate and concave, the lateral sepals are fused together for a short distance at their base, descending at the base of the column and forming a spur with it. The petals lie against the dorsal sepal and adhere to it with their inner edges. The lip is sessile, wedge-shaped at the base with thickened edges (nectar glands). The width of the lip is runny, the sides are bent upwards and adhere to the column , the lip ends pointed and bent slightly downwards. The column is short, hairy on the underside, protruding at the base over the point of attachment on the ovary ("pillar foot"), this pillar foot fused a little with the ovary, but then free. The scar is semicircular and faces forward. The stamen is oval or lanceolate in outline, with a pointed tip. It contains the white to light yellow, narrow club-shaped pollinia that hang on a common adhesive disc (Viscidium). The separating tissue between the stamen and stigma (rostellum) is stiff, pointed, narrowly triangular in shape and protrudes far beyond the stamen. The capsule fruit is oval.

Pollination by hummingbirds has been observed for Sacoila lanceolata ; other species also have flowers that correspond to this pollination type.

Occurrence

Sacoila is widespread in tropical America. Different habitats are populated from Mexico and Florida in the north to the Caribbean and Central America to southern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay. The species grow in grasslands, bushes and savannahs, as well as in various light forests. Some species are successful in disturbed places and overgrown fields, roadsides and gardens. They occur up to an altitude of 2200 meters.

Sacoila lanceolata
Illustration of Sacoila hassleri (Fig. I, left) and Sacoila pedicellata (Fig. II, right)

Systematics and botanical history

Sacoila is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genus was described by Rafinesque in 1837 . The name is derived from the Greek σάκος saccos for "sack" and κοῖλος koilos for "hollow", and refers to the spur. Type species is Sacoila lanceolata .

The genus Sacoila is closely related to the genera Eltroplectris , Mesadenella and Pteroglossa . Due to external similarity, a relationship to stenorrhynchos was postulated.

The following species are included in the genus Sacoila :

  • Sacoila argentina (Griseb.) Garay (1980): It occurs from Bolivia to northern Argentina.
  • Sacoila cerradicola Meneguzzo (2013): It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Goiás .
  • Sacoila duseniana (Kraenzl.) Garay (1980): It occurs only in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Paraná.
  • Sacoila foliosa (Schltr.) Garay (1980): It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.
  • Sacoila hassleri (Cogn.) Garay (1980) (Syn .: Stenorrhynchos longifolium Cogn. ): It occurs from Surinam to Paraguay.
  • Sacoila lanceolata (Aubl.) Garay (1980): It occurs from Mexico to tropical America and in Florida .
  • Sacoila pedicellata (Cogn.) Garay (1980) (Syn .: Stenorrhynchos pedicellatum var. Major Cogn. ): It occurs in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
  • Sacoila squamulosa (Kunth) Garay (1980): It occurs from Central America to Colombia, in the Caribbean and in Florida.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leslie Garay: Sacoila . In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Cambridge (Mass.) 1982, p. 351.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Gerardo Salazar: Sacoila . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3. Oxford University Press, New York 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 244-246.
  3. ^ Paul Martin Brown, Paul M. Catling: Sacoila . In: Flora of North America North of Mexico . tape 26 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 1993, pp. 528 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Sacoila. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 9, 2016.

literature

  • Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . Volume 28, No. 4 , 1982, ISSN  0006-8098 .
  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .

Web links

Commons : Sacoila  - album with pictures, videos and audio files