Pteroglossa

Pteroglossa
	Pteroglossa euphlebia , illustration from Curtis' Botanical Magazine
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Spiranthinae
Genre :	Pteroglossa
Scientific name
	Pteroglossa
	Schltr.

Pteroglossa is a genus within the family of orchids (Orchidaceae). It contains about thirteen species that are common in Central and South America.

description

Inflorescence of Pteroglossa roseoalba

Flower of Pteroglossa roseoalba

Vegetative characteristics

The Pteroglossa species are relatively large, perennial herbaceous plants . The roots stand together in clusters, they are fleshy, stem-spindle-shaped and hairy.

The short-stalked leaves are in a basal rosette, they are usually still present during the flowering period, but have withered in some species. The simple leaf blade is oval, obovate to lanceolate, the base of the blade is wedge-shaped. The leaf color ranges from light green to olive green with white, silvery or reddish markings. The leaf margin is somewhat translucent.

Generative characteristics

The racemose inflorescence contains relatively many flowers. In the upper area, the inflorescence axis is mostly hairy. The bracts are dense, but at most completely surround the inflorescence stem, they are tubular to lanceolate, pointed, glabrous, their color is green to reddish.

The relatively large, showy, hermaphrodite flowers are not fragrant, are zygomorphic and threefold. The seated ovary is cylindrical to spindle-shaped, barely twisted and slightly hairy. The fleshy bracts are white, white with reddish markings, pink or yellow. The outer three bracts are hairy on the outside. The dorsal sepal is concave, together with the lateral petals it forms a half-open cap over the flower. The lateral sepals are fused together to form a spur that runs down the ovary and fused with it except for a free tip. The petals are obliquely wedge-shaped at the base, their edge is often wavy, they adhere to the dorsal sepal. The lip is fused at the base with the lateral sepals for a short distance, sitting or nailed, its edges are thickened at the base to form two nectar glands. The blade of the lip is long-tongue-shaped to wedge-shaped tapering, in some species three-lobed. The column is short and straight, at the base a long "foot" extends beyond the point of attachment at the ovary, the column foot is fused a little with the ovary, but free at the top. The scar points forward, it is rounded to U-shaped bilobed, the lobes more or less separated by a fold that extends along the bottom of the column. The stamen is oval, the basal part is enveloped by the membranous tissue of the column (clinandrium). The yellow pollinia are club-shaped with an elongated or rounded adhesive disc (Viscidium). The separating tissue between the stamen and stigma (rostellum) is stiff, pointed, triangular with an indistinct three-toothed tip.

The capsule fruits are oval.

Locations

They colonize altitudes of up to 2,700 meters and thrive terrestrially in tropical evergreen or seasonally deciduous forests, in bushland, savannah and grassland.

Illustration from Flora Brasiliensis of Pteroglossa glazioviana

Illustration from Flora Brasiliensis of Pteroglossa macrantha

Systematics, botanical history and distribution

The genus Pteroglossa was added to the Botanical Centralblatt by Rudolf Schlechter in 1920 . Second section , volume 37 (2, issue 3), page 450 prepared. The generic name Pteroglossa is derived from the Greek words πτερόν pteron for "wing" and γλώσσα glossa for "tongue", and refers to the shape of the lip. Lectotype species is Pteroglossa macrantha (Rchb. F.) Schltr. .

The species of the genus Pteroglossa occur in the Neotropic . In South America there are two separate areas due to the Amazon basin . In the north they are widespread from Mexico across Central America , along the north coast of South America and in the Andes south to Peru . They can be found in southeastern Brazil , Paraguay and Argentina .

The genus Pteroglossa belongs to the subtribe Spiranthinae of the tribe Cranichideae in the subfamily Orchidoideae within the family Orchidaceae . From a morphological point of view, Pteroglossa is counted to the relationship to Stenorrhynchos , Eltroplectris and Lyroglossa are particularly similar . In contrast, DNA studies indicate a relationship to Mesadenella and Sacoila . The differentiation from Eltroplectris was made by Szlachetko on the basis of characteristics of the spur, he also described a third genus, Ochyrella . Some authors do not follow this and then apply to Pteroglossa Schltr. the following synonyms are: Callistanthos Szlach. , Cogniauxiocharis (Schltr.) Hoehne , Lyrochilus Szlach ., Ochyrella Szlach. & R.González .

The species list at WCSP 2003, with later additions, contains the following species:

Pteroglossa acalcarata Damian & Salazar : It was first described from Peru in 2017.
Pteroglossa claudiae Archila : It was first described in 2013 from Guatemala.
Pteroglossa euphlebia (Rchb. F.) Garay : It occurs in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro .
Pteroglossa glazioviana (Cogn.) Garay : It occurs from southeast to southern Brazil and in southern Paraguay.
Pteroglossa hilariana (Cogn.) Garay : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Pteroglossa lurida (MNCorrea) Garay : It occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and in southern Brazil.
Pteroglossa luteola Garay : It occurs in the Argentine province of Corrientes .
Pteroglossa macrantha (Rchb. F.) Schltr. : It occurs from Venezuela to northeast Paraguay.
Pteroglossa magnifica Szlach. : It occurs only in northeast Paraguay.
Pteroglossa regia (Kraenzl.) Schltr. : It occurs in northeastern Argentina.
Pteroglossa rhombipetala Garay : It occurs in southern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.
Pteroglossa roseoalba (Rchb.f.) Salazar & MWChase (Syn .: Pelexia roseoalba Rchb. F. , Centrogenium roseoalbum (Rchb. F.) Schltr. , Eltroplectris roseoalba (Rchb. F.) Hamer & Garay , Callistanthos roseoalbus (Rchb. f.) Szlach. , Pelexia travassosii Rolfe , Eltroplectris travassosii (Rolfe) Garay , Pteroglossa travassosii (Rolfe) Salazar & MWChase , Callistanthos travassosii (Rolfe) Szlach. ): This new combination took place in 2002. It comes from southern Mexico via Central America to tropical America South America before.

literature

Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, ISSN 0006-8098 .
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Leslie Garay: Pteroglossa. In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Cambridge Mass 1982, pp. 349-350.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gerardo Salazar: Pteroglossa. In: Genera Orchidacearum . New York 2003, pp. 240-243.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Pteroglossa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed March 31, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Pteroglossa - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikispecies: Pteroglossa - Species Directory

[Garay1982-1] Leslie Garay: Pteroglossa. In: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . Cambridge Mass 1982, pp. 349-350.

[Salazar2003-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gerardo Salazar: Pteroglossa. In: Genera Orchidacearum . New York 2003, pp. 240-243.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Pteroglossa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed March 31, 2020.