False myrtle
| False myrtle | ||||||||||||
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Sham myrtle ( Anamirta cocculus ), illustration from Koehler 1887 |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Anamirta | ||||||||||||
| Colebr. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Anamirta cocculus | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Wight & Arn. |
The pseudo myrtle ( Anamirta cocculus , syn .: Anamirta paniculata Colebr., Menispermum cocculus L.), also called Indian pseudo myrtle , Kokkelskörnerstrauch and Kokkelspflanze , is the only plant species of the genus Anamirta in the family of moonseed plants (Menispermaceae).
description
The mock myrtle is a woody, winding and long liana with sometimes thick, woody shoot axes. The simple, large and bald, long-stemmed, alternate, thin -leather leaves are entire, rounded, pointed to pointed and more or less heart-shaped to truncated ovate. The bald, slender petiole is thickened at both ends. The nerve is usually hand-shaped. The stipules are missing.
Anamirta cocculus is dioecious dioecious . It has large, pendulous to protruding and many-flowered, paniculate and glabrous inflorescences that appear axillary or cauliflower , stem-flowered. The small, short, thick-stalked and unisexual, greenish to yellowish, strongly scented flowers, with a simple flower envelope , have about two small bracts. Set-back sepals are six to twelve in two circles, but no petals . The number of short stamens grown together in a synandrium is greater than 10 (up to 30). There are usually three, sometimes more, (almost) free and upper carpels with spreading scar branches . Some (6–8), minimal staminodes are present in the female flowers.
Solitary, leathery and roundish, first reddish then blackish, smooth, bald stone fruits are formed, they appear individually or in a collective stone fruit on a short carpophor . The stone cores are kidney or crescent shaped.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
The pseudo myrtle is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia , in India , Sri Lanka , Thailand , Indonesia , Papua New Guinea and the Philippines .
ingredients
The stem and roots of the psychoactive plant contain various alkaloids , such as berberine , palmatine, magnoflorine and columbamine. The seeds of this species contain the poison picrotoxin . This is used in pharmacy.
The crushed fruits were formerly called "Kokkel" or "Kokkelskörner" and used in fishing (as anesthetic mad bait) (hence the English name of the species "Fish Berries").
literature
- James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey: The European Garden Flora. Second Edition, Vol. II, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-76151-2 , p. 421.
- TC Vu, HQ Bui, TPA Tran: Morphological Characteristics and Key to Genera of Family Menispermaceae in Vietnam. 2017, online at researchgate.net.
- R. Hansel, K. Keller and a .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. 5th Edition, Drugs: A-D , Springer, 1992, ISBN 978-3-642-63468-0 (Reprint), pp. 267-270.
Web links
- Anamirta cocculus at PROTA.
- Anamirta cocculus at Phytoimages.
- Anamirta cocculus at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Anamirta Colebr., False myrtle. Botanical garden of the University of Tübingen.
- Cocculus - motion sickness. ( Memento from April 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Österreichische Apothekerzeitung (on the pharmaceutical effects of the dummy myrtle).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Anamirta cocculus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Heinrich Grimm : New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade - Frankfurt edition. No. 89, November 5, 1968 (= Archive for the History of Books. Volume 62), pp. 2871–2887, here: p. 2879.