Bellevue castle
The Schlösschen Bellevue (also Küselsches Palais ) is a former summer house in the Rococo style on the Trave in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck .
history
On today's Einsiedelstraße, which was still listed as Einsegelstraße in 1869, in the Lübeck-St. Lorenz had bought a garden from the wealthy merchant Jeronymus Küsel. His son Hieronymus Küsel , to whom the considerable fortune of the merchant family passed after his mother's death in 1752, had a manor with a large garden built as a summer house . Küsel was considered the richest merchant in the Hanseatic city of his time; He owned a number of copper mills. He was also in possession of trade monopolies for copper. The Küsel company also produced high quality brass. Küsel ran a copper and brass shop on Breite Straße; in addition, he had an extraordinarily high level of cash.
The Bellevue garden house in front of the city walls is one of the earliest pleasure houses and dates from the transition from Baroque to Rococo .
The house was built between 1754 and 1756 by the Lübeck city architect Johann Adam Soherr . To the Trave, where there was a jetty for the guests coming from the city with their boats, Küsel had an avenue laid out. The garden, which once snaked through the meadows to the Trave, was kept strictly in French taste. The lavishly designed gatehouses of the property were the talk of the town because of the enormous costs.
The entire facility was created in the French style. The name itself was once emblazoned in gold letters in the middle of the arabesque , where there is now a lantern , of the wrought iron portal . The layout of the portal with the gatehouses enclosing the lattice was based on that of locks . The gatehouses had cascade roofs made of blue-tinted tiles from the beginning .
The main building is symmetrical to the portal. Like the gatehouses, it has a double roof made of blue-tinted bricks. Its Italian Renaissance style gable was added later.
Like the outside, the inside of the house was kept simple. High, wide, but well-proportioned rooms. The former "garden room" is on the first floor. From there, the viewer had an idyllic view of the Trave . Its spaciousness later predestined it to be used as an office . In the four corners of the elongated hall there are niches in which statues were placed, as was common in garden and landscape rooms at the time .
Hieronymus Küsel lived with his wife on a large scale; For a long time they lived in Paris, as well as in Potsdam near Frederick the Great. Küsel strove to become Lübeck's resident at the Prussian court. The request was thwarted by the Lübeck Senate, which did not believe in Küsel's business conduct and way of life. In Lübeck, Küsel had extensively rebuilt a former city palace on Königstrasse. There he also received illustrious guests, such as the Duke of Mecklenburg . He fled to Lübeck during the Seven Years' War and lived on the Kuhberg . During that time he dined several times both in Küsel's city palace and in his garden house. Neider claimed that the landlord and his family were not allowed to dine at the table as well. They were only given the right to stand behind the chairs.
The Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt went with her three daughters, the Russian Empress Katharina wanted to marry her son, via Lübeck to Saint Petersburg . They stayed in Lübeck for several days. They accepted the offer of Mr. Küsel, for that time in his "garden house" Logis to take.
After Egmont chasot , one of the closest and oldest friends Frederick II. Had fallen from Prussia in King of favor because of his gambling, his wife affairs and its chronic lack of money, was it in a roundabout way to Lübeck and took there time being his friend Küsel Quarter . Chasôt then became town commander in 1759 and held that office until his death in the late 1790s.
In 1765 the Küsel & Hartmeyer company went bankrupt; Partner Hartmeyer, to whom Küsel had transferred half of his assets to his mother at the beginning of his business career in 1752/53, trusting in his impeccable services, had squandered it through risky business and also incurred high debts for his own risky business. Küsel, who wanted to be recognized as a creditor by the Reichshofrat in Vienna because Hartmeyer also had private debts to him, had to be liable for the debts of his business partner. Hartmeyer escaped from his Lübeck creditors, went to Sumatra and died there shortly after arrival. Küsel's father-in-law, councilor Johann Plessing, whose first son Johan Philipp Plessing was married to Küsel's eldest daughter, managed to postpone bankruptcy for eight years from 1765 to 1773. Then the Küselschen properties were sold for a ridiculous price. Friends gave Hieronymus Küsel a pension of 200 thalers a year; from then on he lived in the manor house Nütschau , which belonged to his friend Christian von Brömbsen. Küsel died there in 1793.
The castle changed hands in 1774 at a low price; likewise the Küselsche Stadtpalais built in 1752 on Königstrasse.
Senator Peter Wilcken , who lived in the house at the time, described the horror of 1806 , which ended Lübeck's prosperity , in his diary. Peter Wilcken's detailed report on the Küsel & Hartmeyer company in the years 1752 to 1773, quickly written and full of melodrama, should be treated with caution. Peter Wilcken was directly related to the family of the real swindler, Johann Hartmeyer, through his marriage. In his report he presented Johann Hartmeyer as an innocent lamb who had succumbed to the seductions of the reckless Hieronymus Küsel.
In spring 1878 the Dortmund wood wholesaler “W. Brügmann “the property to set up the first large wood planing shop in Lübeck. The lower half of the Trave was used for this. For this purpose, the plots left and right No. 8 and No. 12-20 for their extensive wood storage, as well as No. 22 - the commercial property "Zum Einsegel" were acquired. From 1860 to 1891 the Lübeck wine merchant Heinrich Leo Behncke used the Bellevue as a summer house. In 1928 the lattice above the portal was renewed by the Lübeck art blacksmith Arthur Schwegerle. The bordered sign “Belle vue” has been replaced by a lantern.
In the summer of 1914, the timber warehouse, which burned down for several days, dominated the local headlines in the Lübeck newspapers.
After 1955, when the Dortmund timber merchant W. Brügmann & Sohn gave up the Lübeck location, the castle and property belonged to the Orenstein & Koppel company . She had company buildings built on parts of the property. The small castle on the property at Einsiedelstrasse 10 was bought by the Lübeck businessman Heinz Arnold around 1984, who had it renovated and lived in with his family. The gatehouses were also renovated and temporarily rented out for residential purposes.
After Arnold's death in 2005, his son took over the property. In 2014 it was sold to the married couple Annett and Peter Ganswindt, who redesigned it into a hotel and opened it in May 2017 under the name "Lübecker Krönchen".
In addition to the castle, portraits of the Küsel couple have also survived, which were created by the Italian painter Stefano Torelli around 1760. They are shown today (2015) in the 18th century room in the St. Annen Museum Quarter .
literature
- Conrad Neckels: The Bellevue garden house. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1917, No. 22, edition of February 25, 1917, pp. 87–89
- Conrad Neckels: The Bellevue garden house. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter, year 1917, no. 23, edition of March 4, 1917, pp. 91–93
- Conrad Neckels: The Bellevue garden house. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter, year 1917, No. 24, edition of March 11, 1917, pp. 96–98
- August Düffer: Bellevue. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter, year 1928/29, edition of March 25, 1929
- Annaluise Höppner: The Bellevue Palace. In: A trip to the summer houses and gardens in the old Lübeck suburbs with a little cultural history on the edge of the road Verlag der Buchhandlung Gustav Weiland Nachf., Lübeck 1993, ISBN 3-87890-069-5
- Ulrich Simon: Hieronymus Küsel d. J. (1722-1793) . In: The Lübeck businessman. Aspects of his life and work from the Middle Ages to the 19th century . Edited by Gerhard Gerkens and Antjekathrin Graßmann, Lübeck 1993, pp. 139–144
- Manfred Eickhölter: “A bold legacy” or: the matter of the “fun society” . In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 178, No. 2, edition of January 26, 2013, p. 32ff.
Web links
Notes and individual references
- ↑ For example, B. the timber wholesaler W. Brügmann & Sohn has its office here.
- ↑ Today Koenigstrasse house number 42. The palace was covered entirely in copper and was demolished in 1892 in favor of the neo-Gothic new building of the Reichsbank based on a design by Max Hasak .
- ↑ see in this context W. Brüggmann & Sohn and Wilhelm Brügmann
- ↑ Schlösschen has new owners . Lübecker Nachrichten, October 28, 2014, p. 11.
- ↑ Harald Denckmann: A kingdom in the industrial area . In: hl-live.de , May 19, 2017, accessed on May 22, 2017.
- ↑ see above double portrait
Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 52 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 10 ″ E