Schleglerbund

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The Schleglerbund was a noble society in the late 14th century. It was a protective alliance for mutual military support. Occasionally, the Schlegler are equated with the older Martinsvögel or seen as their continuation. This equation has also been cemented by the fact that it was adopted by Ludwig Uhland in his poem The attack in the Wildbad . The equation has already been refuted by Stälin .

News about the Schleglerbund is very sparse and mostly comes from the camp of their opponents. There is only reliable information in connection with the so-called "Schlegler War", which led to the dissolution of the Federation after the defeat of the Schlegler.

The goal of the federation was to protect the rights of the lower nobility against the emerging supremacy of the neighboring count houses. These were primarily the Electoral Palatinate , Baden , Württemberg and the free cities.

They are said to have worn stylized silver clubs ( mallets ) as badges . The leadership was taken over by three so-called kings. On February 4, 1395 Peter von St. Theodat, Burkart von Neuneck and Heinrich von Validlingen are named here. On February 3, 1396, Georg von Neuneck and Reinhard called Nix and Friedrich von Enzberg .

Other members were: Heinrich Eckebrecht von Dürkheim, Heinrich von Bübendorf, Knight Wilhelm von Hailfingen, Freytsch von Urbach, Hug von Bernecke, Friedrich von Dürmenz the Younger, Albrecht von Dürmenz the Younger, Heinrich von Dürmenz, Fritz von Sachsenheim the Rode, Knight Heinrich Chamberlain, Hans von Stein zu Wunnenstein, Hennel Streuff von Ladenburg, Hans Truchseß von Hefingen, Witzigman, Fritz der Herter, Dymen von Tettingen and Heinrich Reyffelin von Mönsheim.

The members of the league hoped to be able to use the weakness of the cities after the end of the city ​​wars and the competitive struggle of the princes to strengthen their position with the support of King Wenceslas . The common interest with the king lay in the weakening of the territorial rulers and the strengthening of a central power under which the lower nobility could also secure their rights. Under the pretext of feud , they mainly carried out road robbery and looting in the northern Black Forest and the Palatinate. They were in a formal alliance with the cities of Speyer and Worms .

This led to an alliance of the affected princes. On May 23, 1395 Archbishop Konrad von Mainz , Count Palatine Rupprecht II of the Palatinate , Bishop Nikolaus von Speyer and Margrave Bernhard von Baden allied with the aim of destroying the Schlegler.

In the summer of 1395 the Schlegler expanded their activities to Württemberg and the area on the upper Neckar and the upper Danube. With their attacks on Neuenbürg , Heimsheim , Berneck and Schenkenzell as well as one attack on Radolfzell , they drew opposition from Eberhard III. von Württemberg, Duke Leopold of Austria , who represented his Austrian interests here , and 14 imperial cities.

On September 24, 1395 Eberhard III succeeded. von Württemberg to take the three Schlegler Kings prisoner at Heimsheim. Thereupon King Wenceslas also gave up the support and ordered the dissolution of the covenant on November 27, 1395. A formal alliance concluded on December 18, 1395 between Eberhard III, Leopold of Austria and the cities finally forced the Schlegler to give in. On April 6, 1396, the union dissolved on the occasion of the Peace of Brackenheim. After the journeymen had left the cities of Worms and Speyer, King Wenzel included them in a three-year contract on May 9, 1396.

reception

A medieval association in the Schlegler town of Heimsheim bears the name Die Schlegler e, based on the Schleglerbund . V. He has been organizing a historical Schlegler market since 2006 .

literature

  • Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini , Andreas Ranft (eds.): Order of knights and noble societies in late medieval Germany (= Kiel work pieces. Series D: Contributions to the European history of the late Middle Ages. Volume 1). Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the poem Der Überfall im Wildbad, Uhland attributes the attack by Count Wolf von Eberstein to Count Eberhard der Greiner from the Schleglern family. Uhland then made the mistake of ascribing the smashing of the Schleglerbund in his poem The Three Kings zu Heimsen to Count Eberhard the Greiner (and not Eberhard the Mild ), specifically in retaliation for the attack in the Wildbad.
  2. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 181 with reference to: Christoph Friedrich von Stälin : Wirtembergische Geschichte. Volume III, Stuttgart 1856 (reprint Aalen 1975), p. 300 f.
  3. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 180 with reference to: Bernhard Heydenreich: Knight orders and knight societies. Würzburg 1960, p. 23 (dissertation).
  4. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 180 with reference to: Christoph Friedrich von Stälin: Wirtembergische Geschichte. Volume III, Stuttgart 1856 (reprint Aalen 1975), p. 262.
  5. ↑ a b Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 181 with reference to: Christian Friedrich Sattler: History of the Duchy of Würtenberg under the government of the Graven . 3 (= 2nd continuation). Tübingen 1767. Supplement No. 11.
  6. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 181 with reference to: Karl Heinrich Roth von Schreckenstein: History of the former free imperial knighthood in Swabia, Franconia and on the Rhine river. Volume 1, Tübingen 1859, p. 527.
  7. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 180 with reference to: Christian Friedrich Sattler: History of the Duchy of Würtenberg under the government of the Graven . 3 (= 2nd continuation). Tübingen 1767. Supplement No. 8.
  8. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 180 with reference to: Bernhard Heydenreich: Knight orders and knight societies. Würzburg 1960, p. 23 (dissertation) and Karl Heinrich Roth von Schreckenstein: History of the former free imperial knighthood in Swabia, Franconia and on the Rhine. Volume 1, Tübingen 1859, p. 523.
  9. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 179 with reference to: Karl Heinrich Roth von Schreckenstein: History of the former free imperial knighthood in Swabia, Franconia and on the Rhine river. Volume 1, Tübingen 1859, p. 524.
  10. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 181 with reference to: Karl Heinrich Roth von Schreckenstein: History of the former free imperial knighthood in Swabia, Franconia and on the Rhine river. Volume 1, Tübingen 1859, p. 525 Note 3.
  11. ^ Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Knight orders and noble societies in late medieval Germany. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-43635-1 , p. 181 with reference to: Karl Heinrich Roth von Schreckenstein: History of the former free imperial knighthood in Swabia, Franconia and on the Rhine river. Volume 1, Tübingen 1859, p. 527 Note 1.
  12. ^ Website of the Schlegler e. V.