Bursa
A bursa , Latin bursa (synovial) , a small fluid-filled sacs which occurs at locations with increased mechanical pressure load in the area of the musculoskeletal system. When tissue is subjected to strong tension or pressure, the bursa serves to reduce the pressure and friction between the tendon, muscle, bone and skin.
construction
Like the joint capsule and tendon sheaths, bursa consists of one
- outer stratum fibrosum (layer of connective tissue) and one
- inner stratum synoviale (synovial layer ). The stratum synoviale secretes the bursa fluid ( synovia ).
Depending on the location, one differentiates:
- Skin bursa ( bursa subcutanea )
- They are located under the skin where it rests directly on a bone ;
- Tendon bursa ( bursa subtendinea )
- They lie between the tendons and the bony surface;
- Band bursa ( bursa subligamentosa )
- They lie between ligaments and the bony surface.
A distinction is made according to their appearance:
- constant (congenital) bursa
- They are innate and present in the same place in all individuals;
- reactive (acquired) bursa
- They arise only after birth and do not have to be present in all individuals. Many skin bursa are only reactive.
The bursa of man
The following bursae occur in humans:
Bursa subcutanea prepatellaris / Bursa suprapatellaris / Bursa infrapatellaris profunda
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- Bursa anserina
- in the knee joint area on the inner collateral ligament
- Bursa bicipitoradialis
- between the biceps attachment tendon and the front part of a rough surface on the radius ( tuberositas radii)
- Bursa iliopectinea
- above the hip joint between the lumbar iliac muscle ( Musculus iliopsoas ) and the pelvic bone
- Deep infrapatellar bursa
- between the patellar ligament and the outer layer of the joint capsule
- Bursa infratendinea olecrani
- inside the triceps tendon near the top of the ulna
- Bursa ischiadica m. obturatorius interni
- between a cartilaginous surface below the ischium and the tendon of the internal hip muscle
- Bursa m. semimembranosi
- between the insertion tendon of the semimembranous muscle on the posterior thigh and the upper edge of the tibia
- Infrapatellar subcutaneous bursa
- between the patella ligament and the skin
- Bursa subcutanea olecrani
- between the upper end of the ulna and the skin
- Bursa subcutanea prepatellaris
- under the skin in front of the kneecap
- Subdeltoid bursa
- between the deltoid muscle and the shoulder joint capsule
- Bursa subfascialis prepatellaris
- between the knee fascia and the kneecap
- Bursa subtendinea m. subscapularis
- between the tendon of the subscapularis muscle and the shoulder joint capsule
- Bursa subtendinea m. gastrocnemii lateralis
- between the lateral articular cartilage of the femur and the lateral tendon of origin of the twin calf muscle
- Bursa subtendinea m. gastrocnemii medialis
- between the middle articular cartilage of the femur and the middle tendon of origin of the twin calf muscle
- Subacromial bursa ; also bursa subtendinea m. infraspinati
- between the insertion tendon of the subbone muscle in the shoulder joint and the shoulder joint capsule
- Bursa subtendinea m. semimembranosi
- under the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle
- Bursa subtendinea m. tibialis anterioris
- between the tendon sheath of the anterior tibial muscle and the middle sphenoid bone and the first metatarsal bone
- Bursa subtendinea m. tricipitis brachii
- between the triceps tendon and the top of the ulna
- Bursa subtendinea prepatellaris
- under the tendon fibers of the quadruple thigh muscle directly on the kneecap
- Suprapatellar bursa
- between the distal femur and the tendon of the quadruped thigh muscle
- Bursa tendinis calcanei
- between the calcaneus and the Achilles tendon
- Bursa trochanterica m. glutaei maximi
- between the terminal tendon of the largest gluteus muscle and a protruding bone on the thigh bone
- Bursa trochanterica m. glutaei medii
- between the tendon of the largest gluteus muscle and a protrusion of bone on the thigh bone
Bursitis
The inflammation of a bursa is bursitis called and the inflammatory response to irritation. It usually arises from pressure, a slight injury, or overload. Bacterial infection is less common.
One or more bursa can also be involved in internal diseases. Inflammatory rheumatic diseases or metabolic disorders (e.g. gout ) should be mentioned here in particular .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Platzer: Pocket Atlas of Anatomy 1. Musculoskeletal system . 9th edition. Thieme, Stuttgart, 2005, ISBN 3-13-492009-3 .