Allach Castle
Allach Castle (also Gilmer Castle, Hauser Castle, Waldeck Castle, Karlsfeld Castle, popularly Neuschwanstein in the Dachauer Moos ) is a castle complex with a gate, main building and chapel with a Romanesque-Gothic character and an eventful history. The castle is surrounded on three sides by a park and the fourth side is directly on the banks of the Würm Canal . Lorenz Hauser (1869–1918), previously only known locally as "Hauser Lenz" from the Strohmaier-Hof and after the incorporation of Neuhausen became known as the "millionaire from Neuhausen", settled in 1899/1900 on a 50,000 m² (five hectare) build a large plot of land that has been located in the Allach district of Munich, right on the city limits of Karlsfeld , since 1938 . It is not open to the public.
history
In January 1897, Lorenz Hauser submitted the building application for a “hunting lodge” to the responsible municipality of Allach. However, the construction was not carried out until 1899 according to plans by Max Knörnschild after Hauser had submitted a new building application, this time for the "construction of a villa". It is not known what happened on the construction site in the two years, it is reported that the client had the shell demolished twice because it did not meet his expectations of a hunting lodge. Contrary to what was often said at the time, the building price was not between 1½ and 2 million marks , but rather 500,000 marks, which at that time was an extraordinarily high amount.
After completing the main building, which was luxuriously furnished, Hauser had a neo-Romanesque chapel built in 1900 with a connection to the manor house, a stable and servants' building with a tower and a porter's house. These additional buildings were designed and built by the Rank brothers .
From March 1902 to July 1904 Lorenz Hauser had his main residence in the castle, in addition to another residence in Munich's Zweibrückenstrasse. During this time, numerous and extravagant celebrations were held in the castle, which provided the material for the somewhat unsound reputation of the lord of the castle. From 1904 to 1908 he only stayed sporadically in his castle. On March 7, 1908, he sold the entire facility with an area of 8.6 hectares to the imperial chamberlain and Rittmeister of the reserve Count Alexander von Boos zu Waldeck and Montfort (1874-1924) and his wife Maria Anna, née von Kubinzky (1883 -1928). Hauser gave it the name Waldeck beforehand, so the match is a coincidence. The purchase price was 303,000 marks.
In 1910, the Count had a living room extension built on the porter's house, but sold the property again in April 1911 for 336,000 marks to the Munich builder Michael Heizer. In January 1912 he sold it to the Strasbourg merchant Josef Schweissheimer for 436,000 marks. A Sigrist Abraham from Grabenstätt bought it in August of the same year for 340,000 marks . This became insolvent, so that the castle was foreclosed. Lorenz Hauser was again the new owner in August 1915, who was accepted for 111,000 marks and who in May 1916 resold it to the wholesale merchant Eduard Hagedorn for 190,000 marks. He intended to use the castle for himself and commissioned the renowned Munich architect Oswald Schiller with renovation work. The basement was restored, the top floor and the former private rooms of Lorenz Hauser were redesigned. In the course of political upheavals in Bavaria in the spring of 1919, during which Prime Minister Kurt Eisner was murdered, violent clashes broke out in hostile camps, during which the castle was also conquered and looted. The Hagedorn family, who had previously fled, returned after the unrest. An official estimate of the value of the palace and park in 1920 was 180,000 marks.
Merchant Hagedorn's economic situation deteriorated noticeably from 1926, so that in 1931 the castle was to be forcibly auctioned again. This did not happen until July 1936. In the meantime, the site served as a backdrop for the film Vogelöd Castle . For 80,000 Reichsmarks , the head of a surgical clinic in Munich's Herzog-Wilhelm-Strasse, Ludwig Gilmer, received a castle with a plot of land that had since grown to 12.6 hectares due to acquisitions. An official estimate from October 1936 gives a value of 130,000 Reichsmarks. At that time the castle was in dire need of renovation; Gilmer had this work carried out by the architect John H. Rosenthal. The Mayor of Allach was bothered by the architect's Jewish origins and asked the castle administrator to "remedy this situation immediately". However, nothing is known about the success of this request. In 1938 Allach was incorporated into Munich. At that time, Gilmer Castle, as the name of the building has been kept, especially in Allach and Karlsfeld, was included in the list of historical monuments.
When the Bayerische Motorenwerke settled in the neighborhood, Ludwig Gilmer sold the property, which he had originally intended as his retirement home, to this company in 1942 for 119,500 Reichsmarks. During the Second World War , the castle was camouflaged and used for military purposes. A hospital was later set up there. After the end of the war, US soldiers billeted in the castle. Franz Schröther writes in his biography about Lorenz Hauser: “They founded a hunting and fishing club, shot the game, cleared the lake and celebrated parties in the building. At a barbecue ( Barbecue ), which took place in the entrance hall of the castle, a fire broke out in which the building was almost burned. "When the Americans in 1955, the castle left, it was in ruinous condition.
The entire site was sold to Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN) on April 28, 1955, who still own it today. The traces of the war and the occupation were removed at great expense and the building was completely renovated. Today it is used by MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG as a reception and guest house for important personalities. The park belongs entirely to the MAN company premises.
In 2008 and 2009, the original room layout on the first floor was restored, which particularly affects the former private rooms of Lorenz Hauser. Externally, the castle was largely in its original state.
description
The main building of the palace complex consists of a three-storey main building with a crenellated five-storey tower equipped with coats of arms and figures of knights. In addition, there are many symbolic attributes on the outside, such as lions' heads, Medusa heads, dragons , bats and other flying animals. Lorenz Hauser also had himself portrayed, for example as a monk with a money bag in his hand. A sundial , a sculpture of " Diana with the stag" and two sphinxes are no longer available . The terrace is bordered by a wrought iron three-part Art Nouveau railing.
In the representative, central staircase hall, which has remained unchanged to this day, there are many other motifs from Greek mythology, a ceiling painting by Johann Schaschko with the title " Phoebus in the Sun Chariot " and frescoes by Johann Schaschko and Walter Heubach . On the ground floor there is an "apostle room", a music room and a marble room with a fountain. The wine tavern is located in the basement, as was the castle kitchen in the past, from where the dishes could be transported to the ground floor via an elevator. On the first floor were the private rooms of Lorenz Hauser and on the second floor the guest rooms, originally furnished in a rustic style, and the rooms for the staff. Nothing has been preserved from the original furnishings in the castle.
The castle chapel, which is dedicated to Hauser's patron saint, St. Lawrence , has an octagonal bell tower with the Laurentius and Mary bells. The chapel is characterized by an unusual room layout: the decoratively furnished church interior is on the first floor, while the sacristy is below. There used to be a bridge over the Würm Canal to enable neighboring residents to attend church services without having to enter the rest of the castle grounds.
The stable and servants' building is a half-timbered building with a tower. There is a figure of St. George in a niche . The boxes for the horses of Hauser Lenz, as Lorenz Hauser was usually called, are still preserved and are decorated with Delft tiles . A little to the west of the castle is the small porter's building with a round tower and battlement . Today it no longer belongs to the actual castle grounds, as the entrance is on the east side.
The castle park with mixed forest shields the castle in almost every direction, so that it can essentially only be seen from the Würm Canal and from the air. There is an artificial lake in the park, which is fed with water from the canal and in which there are two small islands. In the past, these could be accessed via a wooden bridge.
literature
- Franz Schröther: S'Geld must under d'Leit - The life story of Lorenz Hauser, the "millionaire farmer" from Munich-Neuhausen. Verlag Geschichtswerkstatt Neuhausen , 2nd edition, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-931231-11-8 .
- Matthias Pöschl: A castle on the Würm . Munich 1980.
Web links
- Walter Demmel: The inaccessible knight's castle on the MAN grounds , Münchner Wochenanzeiger, August 22, 2007.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on the Allach residence in the private database “Alle Burgen”. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e Franz Schröther: S'Geld must under d'Leit - The life story of Lorenz Hauser, the "millionaire farmer" from Munich-Neuhausen . Verlag Geschichtswerkstatt Neuhausen, 2nd edition, Munich 2009.
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 57.4 " N , 11 ° 27 ′ 56.6" E