Owińska Castle
Owinsk Castle is a country castle in Owińska municipality Czerwonak in the Poznański powiat a few kilometers north of Poznań .
It is a simple and clearly structured castle in the classical style, which used to be surrounded by a large garden with a lake in front. The building is largely considered to be an early work by Karl Friedrich Schinkel .
history
Acquisition by Treskow
With the second Polish partition , Owińska fell to Prussia in 1793 . The 12,000 hectare Owinsk domain with the associated localities was acquired by the wealthy merchant and canon Sigmund Otto Joseph von Treskow in 1797, who had developed his business activities in Berlin and Paris. Immediately after taking over the goods, the new owner invested considerable funds in the beautification of the park and the stately castle. Numerous farm buildings were erected, extensive leveling was carried out and a road was laid right through the village. Treskow issued fixed-rate mortgage notes to finance the construction costs. a. Wilhelm von Humboldt participated with 38,000 thalers.
Architects from the circle around David Gilly
The client was well acquainted with David Gilly from the French colony in Berlin and asked him for advice on expanding the Owinsk rule. In 1799, Gilly initially commissioned his student Ernst Conrad Peterson , who had previously worked on the Bromberger Canal, to build the first farm and outbuildings. Peterson went through parallel to his work in Owinsk together with Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1799-1801 the architecture classes of David and Friedrich Gilly at the Berlin Academy of Architecture . After passing his exams in 1801, Peterson went to Bromberg as a town planner and from there he took care of the progress of the buildings he had won in Owinsk. The supervision of the Owinsk building site was temporarily taken over by the Poznan building officer Johann Anton Theodor Heermann, who had already worked with David Gilly since 1795 on the expansion of the old town of Poznań.
From the autumn of 1803, the Berlin architect Ludwig Catel, who was employed on the construction site of the Weimar City Palace until the spring of 1803 , was hired to carry out the construction of the palace; he drew plans for this in the winter of 1803/1804. As can be seen from the correspondence between David Gilly and Ernst Conrad Peterson, Catel had already delivered designs for individual outbuildings in Owinsk from Berlin in 1800. David Gilly's own designs for Owinsk have not survived, but it can be assumed that the designs were created in Berlin in close contact with Gilly. Catel was mainly responsible for the execution of the construction and used existing plans. His biography erroneously describes him as the sole architect:
“In the spring of 1804 he traveled to Pohlen to build a castle for Mr. v. Treskow in Owinsk near Poznan. This construction kept him busy from 1804 to the summer of 1806. In addition to managing the palace construction, he also gave H. Tresk. a brickworks and lime distillery in Owinsk. "
Rescheduling by Schinkel
When exactly Schinkel first started working in Owinsk cannot be proven. The first drafts for commercial buildings are possible as early as 1800–1801. The plans for an extension of the castle, which is already under construction, may have been drawn up on the trip to Italy from 1804–1805. Schinkel's stay in Owinsk in the construction phases 1805 and 1806 is documented. The central gable with its Italian Serliana window and the two classicist gateways date from this time. Schinkel's surviving designs for a Pharos on the Warta and a flower salon in the park could no longer be realized after the political collapse of 1806. Catel and Schinkel worked closely together, especially in the design of the interior (vestibule, rotunda with velarium and star ceiling, staircase, ballroom), as Adolph Doebber discovered in 1916:
“So the little that he (Schinkel) had to create architecturally in the near future does not stand out conspicuously above what was earlier. During the artistic development of the Owinsk Castle, built in 1804–1806 near Posen, one can still make similar perceptions as in Buckow. The old and the new stand side by side, which of course may be partly due to Louis Catel's involvement. "
The completion of the interior, which was unfinished in 1806, based on Schinkel's designs from the late 1820s, is remarkable: while the early interior designs show parallels to the interior decoration of the Weimar City Palace, the later versions show clear references to Schinkel's Berlin palace and museum buildings.
Until 1945, the complex, like the neighboring Radoyevo, was owned by the von Treskow family.
post war period
The castle was used as a school in the era of socialism and was fundamentally renovated for the Schinkel anniversary in 1985. Up to the year 2000 at least one side wing was inhabited, only then did the now privatized and unused building fall into disrepair. The parquet floors and the railings of the Berlin iron foundry were broken out and stolen during this time. In 2002, the municipality bought the castle back, secured the structure and began work on the park. Since then it has been possible to renovate both gate buildings with European Union funding. Today they house a police station and the tourist office of the municipality of Czerwonak.
The Hermann Reemtsma Foundation , which had already repaired Schinkel's Pomona temple on Potsdamer Pfingstberg , which was designed around 1800 from 1992 to 1993 , had a building report drawn up for Owinsk Castle in 2010, on the basis of which the community of Czerwonak will decide on a future use.
Design of the castle
In its simplicity, the execution is reminiscent of the Gillysche Schloss Paretz . The plastered building is two-story apart from the small side wings and is structured by fourteen axes and gable projections on the front and back. The base consists of lawn iron stones and field stones. The four-axis small side wings are single-storey. David Gilly et al. Had single-storey side wings. a. designed for Steinhöfel Castle . Gable projections give the building a representative appearance. The portico at the front with its four Doric columns also contributes to this. The early classicist interiors are decorated with ceiling paintings.
Architecture of the garden
The entrance is through monumental gatehouses and leads around a large oval pond in which the castle is reflected. It is embedded in a park that extends both in front of and behind. The old monastery complex with the baroque church designed by the Italian architect Pompeo Ferrari was also included in this. Before the psychiatric clinic was built in the 1860s, a visual axis allowed a view of the castle and park of the Radojewo manor . The landscaped garden, which was laid out around 1800 and revised by Peter Joseph Lenné in the early 1820s, is largely built up today.
literature
- Alexander Dunker (ed.): The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landed property in the Prussian monarchy . Volume 3, Sheet 148 (Owinsk) (PDF; 250 kB). Berlin 1860.
- Eva Börsch-Supan: The provinces of East and West Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Poznan . (= Karl-Friedrich Schinkel Lifetime Achievement Volume 18). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2003.
- House of Brandenburg-Prussian History (ed.): Karl Friedrich Schinkel, guide to his buildings . Volume 2. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-422-06651-9 , p. 116 ff.
- Rüdiger v. Treskow: Gilly Schinkel Catel: The Owinsk Country Castle near Posen / Pałac w Owinskach koło Poznania . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-07062-2 .
Web links
- Schinkel Gallery at stanford.edu
- Catel at Berliner-Klassik.de
- Building history on the website of the Treskow family association
- Owińska Castle. In: arch INFORM .
Individual evidence
- ^ Eva Börsch-Supan: The provinces of East and West Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Posen . Karl-Friedrich Schinkel Lifetime Achievement Vol. 18, Munich a. Berlin 2003, pp. 148-167
- ↑ NN, presumably Henriette F. Catel, b. Schiller: Biography , 1819/20, manuscript, 18 pages, bound, 2 °, on loan from the Berlin Artists Association in the Foundation Archive of the Academy of the Arts Berlin, VBK No. 43, from the holdings of the Berlin Art Association.
- ↑ Adolph Doebber: Heinrich Gentz, a Berlin architect in 1800 . Berlin 1916, p. 80.
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 52.7 " N , 16 ° 58 ′ 34.8" E