Narrow-leaved goosefoot
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Narrow-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium pratericola ), herbarium specimen |
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The narrow-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. ) Is a species of plant in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It comes from North America and is also found in Central Europe .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The narrow-leaved goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant with a stature height of 20 to 80 cm. The always upright, moderately to heavily floured stem is unbranched or branched in the upper part.
The alternate, more or less floured leaves are thick and somewhat fleshy. The 0.4 to 1 cm long petiole widens in a wedge shape into the leaf blade. The leaf blade is 1.5 to 4.2 (to 6) cm long and 0.4 to 1 (to 1.4) cm wide, linear, narrowly lanceolate or elongated-elliptical, pointed, and usually three-nerved (rarely one-nerved). The leaf margin is entire or has a pair of lobes near the base.
Inflorescence and flowers
The flower clusters are usually arranged densely in terminal or axillary panicles and ripen irregularly. The bracts are leaf-like. The hermaphroditic flowers have a perimeter of (four to) five densely floured, oblong-egg-shaped tepals with a length of 0.8 to 1 mm and a width of 0.5 to 0.7 mm, separated to the base , which on the Strongly keeled back. The flowers contain (four to) five stamens and an ovary with two stigmas.
The flowering period extends from August to October. Pollination is usually done by the wind.
Fruit and seeds
The ripe, egg-shaped fruit is visible between the protruding tepals. The smooth fruit wall does not adhere to the seed. The seed with a diameter of 0.9 to 1.3 mm is round with a rounded edge. The black seed coat has a wrinkled surface.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
ecology
The narrow-leaved goosefoot is a food plant for the butterfly caterpillars of goosefoot flyworms ( Eupithecia sinuosaria ) and moths ( Pelurga comitata ).
Occurrence
The natural range of the narrow-leaved goosefoot is in North America . There it colonizes open sandy soils, dry bushes or sage bush and is often found in salty or alkaline habitats. From the plain it thrives up to an altitude of 2400 m.
In Central Europe , Eastern and Northern Europe , the narrow-leaved goose foot occasionally occurs as an introduced adventitious plant . In Germany the species is considered a naturalized neophyte . Here it grows rarely and inconsistently in short-lived ruderal vegetation ( Chenopodietea societies), especially at transshipment points such as train stations or docks or at garbage dumps, preferably on sandy soils. Well-known sites are, for example, in the Upper Rhine Plain .
In Switzerland , the species is endangered, and regionally even extinct.
Systematics
The first publication of Chenopodium pratericola was made in 1912 by Per Axel Rydberg .
Synonyms of Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. which are based on the same type specimen are Botrys pratericola (Rydb.) Lunell , Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S.Watson pratericola (Rydb.) FC Gates and Chenopodium leptophyllum var. pratericola (Rydb.) FC Gates . Other synonyms are Chenopodium desiccatum var. Leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl , Chenopodium leptophyllum var. Leptophylloides (Murr) Thell. & Aellen , Chenopodium petiolare var. Leptophylloides Murr and Chenopodium pratericola subsp. eupratericola Aellen .
use
The leaves and young shoots of the narrow-leaved goosefoot can be cooked like spinach . The seeds can be ground as a flour additive or cooked as pseudograins . It is recommended that you soak them overnight and then rinse them thoroughly to remove the saponins .
The whole plant can be used as a coloring plant for golden-green shades.
supporting documents
- Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , Chenopodium pratericola , p. 288 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent (Ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 5th edition. Volume 4: Critical Volume, People and Knowledge, Berlin 1982, p. 169
- ↑ Chenopodium pratericola at BiolFlor - database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ a b Chenopodium pratericola at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 10, 2012.
- ↑ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants , accessed on February 10, 2012.
- ^ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Chenopodium pratericola . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011, accessed February 10, 2012.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 343 .
- ↑ Chenopodium pratericola. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora). Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^ Per Axel Rydberg: Studies in the Rocky Mountain Flora - XXVII. In: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. Volume 39, No. 7, 1912, pp. 301-328 (here: p. 310), digitized .
- ↑ a b Chenopodium pratericola at Plants For A Future . Retrieved February 10, 2012.
Web links
- Narrow-leaved goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution map for Europe
- Photo at Den virtuella Floran
- Photos at Weedy Wildflowers of Illinois
