Narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird

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Narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird
Narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird and bronze-tailed emerald hummingbird illustrated by John Gould & William Matthew Hart

Narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird and bronze-tailed emerald hummingbird illustrated by John Gould & William Matthew Hart

Systematics
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Bees (Mellisugini)
Genre : Emerald Hummingbirds ( Chlorostilbon )
Type : Narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird
Scientific name
Chlorostilbon stenurus
( Cabanis & Heine , 1860)

The narrow- tailed emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon stenurus ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is found in Ecuador , Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The male narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird reaches a body length of about 8.5 to 9 cm, the female from about 7.5 to 8 cm with a weight of 3.2 to 3.6 g. The male has a short straight black beak. The front skull and the skull shimmer green. The upper side including the upper tail-coverts shimmers grass green, the lower side and the flanks green. The forked tail is dark green, the two outer control feathers are stilettos equally narrow, the rest of the normal shape. In the female, the beak is easily hidden. The over-eye stripe that merges into the eye-stripe is white. Small brown bristles are found at the base of the beak. The top of the head is dull green with a slightly bronze tint. The rest of the top and the upper tail-coverts are dark green. The chin is brown, the underside light white, the throat being lighter than the belly. The tail is only slightly forked. The gray at the base of the two outer control springs merges into dark blue with a V-shaped white tip. The internal control springs are metallic green at the base, merge into brownish and have thin white V-shaped tips. The central control springs are metallic blue-green. Immature juveniles are similar to adult females.

Behavior and nutrition

The narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird gets its nectar from scattered flowers with horizontal or upright crowns . The plant families he flies to include heather family , Gesneriad , Rubiaceae , heliconias or the genus Inga . As a trapliner, it flies regularly in quick succession to very specific, scattered flowers. He hunts insects in flight. He gets the food in the lower to middle strata at heights of 0.6 to 4 meters above the ground.

Brood

The breeding season for the narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird is from September to November. The nest is a small, goblet-shaped structure made of moss and covered with ferns on the outside. This is attached in the undergrowth or the lower areas of the trees one to two meters above the ground. A clutch consists of two eggs. The incubation period lasts between 15 and 16 days and the eggs are only incubated by the female. The chicks are dark gray with two dark stripes on the back. The nestlings fledge at around 20 days. The first brood occurs in the second year of life of the narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird

The narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird prefers moist forests, deep undergrowth and secondary vegetation at altitudes of 1000 to 3000 meters.

migration

The narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird is a resident bird that occasionally migrates locally between high altitudes as a line bird .

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Chlorostilbon stenurus stenurus ( Cabanis & Heine , 1860) occurs in northeast Colombia, in Trujillo , Mérida , Táchira in northwest Venezuela and northeast Ecuador.
  • Chlorostilbon stenurus ignotus Todd , 1942 is common in the mountains on the coast to Lara in northwest Venezuela. The subspecies is slightly smaller than the nominate form . The underside looks more yellowish green. The tail looks more blunt, dark green.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the narrow-tailed emerald hummingbird was in 1860 by junior Jean Cabanis and Heine Ferdinand under the scientific name Panychlora stenura . The type specimen came from the state of Mérida in Venezuela. It was John Gould who introduced the new genus Chlorostilbon for the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon mellisugus ) ( Linnaeus , 1758) (Syn: Chlorostilbon prasina ) in the delivery of 5 of his hummingbird tablets in 1853 . This name is made up of the Greek words "chlōros χλωρός " for "green" and "stilbōn στίλβων " for "shining". The Greeks gave Mercury the nickname Stilbōn, which is due to the verb "stilb" for "blink". The species name "stenurus" comes from the Greek words "stēnos, στηνος " for "narrow, narrow" and "-ouros, oura -ουρος, ουρα " for "-tailed, tail". "Ignotus" is the Latin word for "unknown, veiled" from "in-" for "not" and "notus" for "know".

literature

  • Ralf Bündgen, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Narrow-tailed Emerald (Chlorostilbon stenurus) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jean Louis Cabanis, Ferdinand Heine junior: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine on Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, Stud. Philos. Volume 3 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1860 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: List of the hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum . In: Annals of the Carnegie Museum . tape 29 , no. 12 , 1942, pp. 271-370 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 5 , delivery 5. Taylor and Francis, London 1853 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Narrow-tailed Emerald Hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon stenurus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Ralf Bündgen u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Jean Louis Cabanis u. a., p. 50
  4. ^ Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, p. 305.
  5. ^ John Gould, plate 355 plus text, volume 5. This corresponds to delivery 5 from 1853.
  6. ↑ Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 47. The year of publication, delivery with the plates in A monograph of the Trochilidæ , is shown here.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 103.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 365.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 201.