Schnepfen-Ragwurz
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Schnepfen-Ragwurz |
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The Schnepfen-Ragwurz ( Ophrys scolopax ) is a species of the genus Ragwurzen ( Ophrys ) within the orchid family (Orchidaceae).
Plant description
This herbaceous perennial plant reaches heights of between 10 and 65 centimeters and has two ovoid to spherical tubers as persistence organs. At the base of the stem there are one or two scale leaves. Three to seven leaves are grouped together in a base rosette and further up you can find one or two, sometimes 4 more leaves.
The elongated inflorescence consists of two to twelve, in rare cases 20 flowers . The narrowly elliptical to ovate sepals are pink to red and rarely whitish green to green. The hairy petals appear pink to red. The deep three-lobed and short-haired lip, on the other hand, is chestnut brown . Sometimes there is a faint shade of purple on it. The narrow bald edge is yellowish in color. The mark is very extensive in the lower half of the lip. It uses Peckham's mimicry and imitates the appearance of female longhorn bees ( Eucera barbiventris ) in order to attract males to pollinate.
This species blooms between March and June. Often one can find early and late blooming varieties in one area.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
Location
This plant species can be found in light forests and bushes, scrubland , poor meadows and lawns with moderately dry to fresh, but always alkaline soils up to an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level.
Subspecies
This group is one of the most diverse and difficult relatives of the Ragwurzen. So there are also many different types of structure. Eight subspecies are presented here below. However, it still has to be clarified exactly whether this is correct, since the different variants cannot be clearly distinguished from one another. R. Govaerts recognizes 10 subspecies.
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. scolopax
This subspecies is found in Europe , North Africa and the Middle East in the meridional and submeridional zones. In France there are also finds in colder zones. What is remarkable is the noticeable gap in the central Mediterranean area , because in Italy, including Sardinia and Sicily , you will look for it in vain. Eucera interrupta has been observed to pollinate the subspecies .
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. cornuta
The small-flowered horned ragwort ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Cornuta (Steven) EGCamus , Syn .: Ophrys oestrifera subsp. Cornutula (Paulus) Kreutz ) is found on the Balkan Peninsula and in the Aegean Sea. It occurs there at altitudes between 0 and probably 1700 meters above sea level. Eucera punctulata and Eucera signifera were observed as pollinators .
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. heldreichii
This subspecies, the small-flowered Heldreich ragwurz ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Heldreichii (Schltr.) E. Nelson , syn .: Ophrys heldreichii subsp. Pusilla B. Baumann & H.Baumann ) is a snipe ragwur that can be found on Karpathos , Rhodes , Samos and Lesbos finds. It grows there at altitudes between 0 and 400 meters above sea level.
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. apiformis
This subspecies, the Tunisian ragwort ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Apiformis (Desf.) Maire & Weiller ) is endemic to northern Tunisia. It grows at altitudes between 200 and 350 meters above sea level.
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. conradiae
This subspecies, Conrad's Ragwurz ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Conradiae (Melki & Deschâtres) H.Baumann, Giotta, Künkele, R.Lorenz & Piccitto ) is endemic to southern Corsica and Sardinia. It grows there at altitudes between 0 and 500 meters above sea level.
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. philippei
This subspecies, Philippe Orchid ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Philippei (Gren.) HAPedersen & PJCribb ) only occurs at altitudes between 200 and 700 meters above sea level in southern France.
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. sardoa
This subspecies, the Sardinian ragwort ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Sardoa H.Baumann, Giotta, Künkele, R.Lorenz & Piccitto ) occurs in southwestern Sardinia at altitudes between 200 and 300 meters. Some authors also associate it with Conrad's Ragwurz.
- Ophrys scolopax subsp. vetula
This subspecies, the Maritime Alpine Ragwort ( Ophrys scolopax subsp. Vetula (Risso) Kreutz ) occurs only in the Maritime Alps and here up to 700 meters above sea level.
literature
- Karl-Peter Buttler : Orchids, the wild species and subspecies of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa . Mosaik Verlag 1986, ISBN 3-570-04403-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eucera barbiventris (Apidae) - pseudocopulation on Ophrys scolopax (Orchidaceae), pollination and pollination. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. With video. IWF Knowledge and Media GmbH
- ^ Ophrys scolopax at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ophrys scolopax. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 . Page 162–192.
