Schraderanthus viscosus
| Schraderanthus viscosus | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Schraderanthus | ||||||||||||
| Averett | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Schraderanthus viscosus | ||||||||||||
| ( Schrad. ) Averett |
Schraderanthus viscosus is a species of plant inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It was originallydescribedas Saracha viscosa in1832, but in the following time it was assigned to a variety of other genera within the nightshade family. Since these assignments were difficult to reconcile with the respective genus concepts, the species was moved to its own genus Schraderanthus in 2009.
description
Schraderanthus viscosus is a 1.0 to 2.5 m high, upright, herbaceous or slightly woody plant. It has sticky, glandular hair. The inflorescences consist of six to eight (rarely up to ten) flowers , which stand as clusters in the leaf axils. The crown measures about 4 cm in diameter, is wheel-shaped, five-lobed and has greenish markings in the crown throat. The anthers are initially bluish, but are yellow-green in dried specimens. The stamens start at the base of the crown. The calyx is already greatly enlarged during flowering and protrudes over the crown. It is cut to about 3/4 of the length. The resulting calyx lobes are pointed.
The fruit is a bright red to orange-red berry . It contains about 50 to 75 kidney-shaped, brown-colored seeds that are about 2 mm long. The seed surface is wrinkled and reticulated. The calyx enlarges on the fruit and becomes broadly bell-shaped and deeply lobed. At first it surrounds the berry, but is bent back when it is ripe.
Occurrence
The species occurs in the Mexican states of Chiapas , Oaxaca and Veracruz , as well as in Guatemala .
Botanical history
The species was first described as Saracha viscosa by Heinrich Adolf Schrader in 1832 . The concept of the genus Saracha at the time was relatively broad, encompassing a wide variety of herbaceous plants common in Mexico, Central, and South America . Many of the species were later assigned to the genus Jaltomata , among others , the genus Saracha only contains two species according to the current concept. In 1976 the species was also moved to the genus Jaltomata as Jaltomata viscosa by William D'Arcy and Tilton Davis , but they also saw the placement as questionable. By Armando Hunziker the species was first in the genre in 1991 Leucophysalis and 1995 in the genre Chamaesaracha moved. In the work "Genera Solanacerum", which was completed shortly before his death, Hunziker placed the species back among the Leucophysalis .
Other genera to which the species was temporarily counted are Physalis , Witheringia and Athenaea , but the species also differs from the representatives of these genera in essential characteristics of the flower structure. Due to this independence, John Earl Averett described a monotypical genus Schraderanthus in 2009 , the name of the genus honors the first descriptor of the species, Heinrich Adolf Schrader (1767-1836).
Phylogenetics
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| According to the cladogram |
A phylogenetic study of the nightshade family, which comprises 40% of the known species and uses fossil evidence to date individual branches of the clades, places the species as adjacent to the genera Brachistus and Witheringia . All three genera are in turn neighboring to the genus Tzeltalia . According to the results of the investigation, the separation between Tzeltalia and the remaining three genera occurred about 5.54 million years ago, the separation between Schraderanthus and the clade from Brachistus and Witheringia about 3.72 million years ago.
proof
Main sources
- John Earl Averett: Schraderanthus, a new Genus of Solanaceae (PDF; 45 kB) . In: Phytologia , Volume 91, Number 1, April 2009. pp. 54-61.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b Tiina Särkinen et al .: Additional file 2: Solanaceae time-calibrated phylogeny with tips. On Tiina Särkinen et al .: A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000-tip tree. ( TIFF; 7 MB) ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 4, 2013.
- ↑ Tiina Särkinen et al .: A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000-tip tree. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology , Volume 13, Number 214. September 30, 2013. doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-13-214
