Schrader's goosefoot
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Schrader's goosefoot ( Dysphania schraderiana ), herbarium evidence |
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| ( Schult. ) Mosyakin & Clemants |
Schrader's goose foot ( Dysphania schraderiana ), also called Schrader goose foot , Schrader's goosefoot or ladyweed , is a species of plant in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Schrader's glandular goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant that is covered with short hairs and sedentary, slightly sticky glandular hairs and therefore has an aromatic scent of lemon. With a height of 5 to 100 cm, the upright stem is not very branched with shorter side branches. The alternate, green to yellow-green leaves reach a maximum length of 8.5 cm. The elliptical-egg-shaped leaf blade is pinnate with three to five broad lobes and a few teeth on the edge.
Inflorescence and flower
The elongated, terminal, highest 5 cm wide inflorescences are composed of mostly leafless, dense dichasially branched zymous partial inflorescences . The terminal flowers are larger and bloom earlier than the lateral ones. The hermaphrodite flowers have an envelope of five separate, yellow-green, sometimes reddish tepals . With a length of about 1 mm and a width of 0.5 mm, they are elliptical to egg-shaped, pointed, clearly keeled on the bald back, with irregular blunt humps or pointed spikes, with broad skin margins on the edge and covered with sessile glands. There are one to five stamens and an upper ovary with two stigmas.
The flowering period extends from July to September. Pollination is usually done by the wind.
Fruit and seeds
The membranous pericarp is not fused with the seed. The horizontal seed is roundish in outline with a diameter of 0.6 to 0.8 mm. The black seed coat has an uneven surface due to small, shallow pits.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
Schrader's goosefoot is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .
Occurrence
Schrader's goosefoot is native to northeastern tropical Africa , the Arabian Peninsula, and Pakistan . There it can thrive up to an altitude of 2440 m. Dysphania schraderiana is also listed in the Flora of China , but these plants belong to a similar, Central Asian species, Dysphania nepalensis (Colla) Mosyakin & Clemants , which is between Dysphania botrys and Dysphania schraderiana in terms of its characteristics .
As an introduced species, Schrader's goosefoot is also found in South Africa and Europe . In Europe, this species is naturalized in Central, Northern and Eastern Europe.
In Germany, Schrader's glandular goosefoot appeared as an introduced species from 1907 and is now considered a naturalized neophyte . You can find it rarely and inconsistently at transshipment points or in heat-favored arugula corridors.
Systematics
Dysphania schraderiana belongs within the genus Dysphania to the section Botryoides (Camey.) Mosyakin & Clemants and therein for subsection Botrys (Aellen & Iljin) Mosyakin & Clemants .
It was first published in 1820 by Joseph August Schultes under the name Chenopodium schraderianum in Systema Vegetabilium 6, p. 260.Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants placed this species in 2002 as Dysphania schraderiana in the genus Dysphania (in Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj Žurnal , volume 59 (4 ), P. 383).
Synonyms for Dysphania schraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants are Ambrina foetida Moq. , Chenopodium foetidum C. Schrad. (nom.illeg.), Chenopodium foetidum subsp. tibetanum Murr , Chenopodium schraderianum Schult. , Teloxys foetida Kitag. and Teloxys schraderiana (Schult.) WAWeber .
use
Food plant
The leaves can be cooked raw or cooked like spinach. However, raw leaves should due to content of saponins only be consumed in small amounts. The seeds can be ground to add flour to baking, but are difficult to harvest because of their small size. To remove the saponins, the seeds should be soaked in water overnight and then rinsed off thoroughly.
Medicinal plant
Schrader's goosefoot is an anti- asthmatic . It is also used to treat migraines and catarrh .
Other uses
The whole plant acts as a repellent against moths. They also serve as a coloring plant , achieving golden and green hues.
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 88 . (Section description)
- Pertti Uotila: Chenopodium schraderianum . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica , Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae . Graz, Akad. Druck, 1997, pp. 58-59. (Section Description, Occurrence)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Botany in the picture. Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol
- ↑ a b c Entry at BiolFlor
- ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Dysphania schraderiana , p. 377 - the same text online as the printed work . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X (English).
- ↑ Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Further Transfers of glandular-pubescent species from Chenopodium subg. Ambrosia to Dysphania (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas Vol. 2, No. 1, 2008, pp. 425-431. PDF file
- ^ Entry in GRIN , accessed on December 1, 2011.
- ^ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Dysphania schraderiana . 2011. Entry at Euro + Med Plantbase , accessed on December 1, 2011.
- ↑ First publication scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ^ Dysphania schraderiana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c Entry in Plants For A Future , accessed December 1, 2011.
