Schrat

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Waldschrat costume (Fools' Guild Wald-Schrat Raderach, 2006)
Waldschrat costumes (Fools' Guild Raspler Baindt, 2014)
Schrat sculpture in Thieles Garten , Bremerhaven (2006)

Schrate (in Bavaria and Austria also Schrazen ) are considered a type of nature spirit . Depending on their habitat, they can also be named as forest, stream or meadow tears, etc.

etymology

The exact etymology of the word Schrat is unclear, but the word is likely of Germanic origin. In German-speaking countries, it is found in Middle High German , for example Schraz , Schrate , or in Old High German scratto , Old Norse skrat (t) i (" magician ", " giant "), Icelandic skratti (" devil "), vatnskratti ("water spirit") , Swedish skratte ( fool , magician, devil) and New English ( dial. ) scrat ("devil"). From German the Schrat found its way into the Slavic languages , for example Polish (before 1500) skrzat and skrzot (" house spirit ", " dwarf "), Czech skřet , skrátek , skřítek (" goblin ", "gold-bringing devil") and Slovenian skrat , škratek , škratelj ( "Imp", " mountain male ") škratec ( "whirlwind", " Polish plait ").

The landscape name of the Schraden (on the edge of Niederlausitz) is explained by folk etymology in this context.

A small Schrat is also called a Schretel or Schräzel . Female forest bats represent the "Schrätteli" that popularly cause nightmares. The pharmacist and folklorist Walther Zimmermann drew on his bookplate a Schrätteli foot on the historic mortar .

Today the term is used colloquially as a term for an unkempt, outwardly feral person. In the Bavarian-speaking area, however, mainly for naughty children.

Characteristics

Based on the etymology, the Schrat is about "a human (or animal) -like spirit being that lives in the forest, causes the nightmare , and which is imitated in masks." Later the Schrat is expanded to include the meaning of goblin . In Carinthia , a Schrat is said to denote a kind of house spirit .

Unlike elves and the sociable miners , Schrate are loners .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Schrat  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Schrat  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Duden 1989, 2nd ed., P. 1351
  2. ↑ Steinmeyer Althd. Eq. 1, 602, 12 f .; 2, 17, 46, 159, 29, 160, 3,469, 4,518, 35, 534, 43, 550, 58, 570, 61, 678, 45; 3, 244, 22nd 672, 49, 674, 25 (waltscrate); 4, 204, 5,373, 7; also sletto II 580, 50
  3. ^ Meyers Lexikon, Volume 9, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig, 1942, column 1228, keyword "Schratt"
  4. ↑ Cleasby-Vigfusson Icelandic-English Dict. 556 b.
  5. ↑ Elof Hellquist: skratta / skrattabborre . In: Svensk etymologisk ordbok . 1st edition. CWK Gleerups förlag, Berlingska boktryckerie, Lund 1922, p. 746-747 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  6. ↑ Wright Wülker 5, 274; see. Dear man 82
  7. ↑ a b Brückner Slownik etymologiczny jezyka polskiego (Krakow 1927) 497 a; Grimm Myth. 1,397
  8. ↑ Pleteršnik , Slovensko-nemški slovar 2, 1895, p. 634a; see. Krauss Slav. Volkforschung 88. 89; Graber Carinthia 34; Vernaleken Myths 240.
  9. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . tape 18 . Leipzig 1909, p. 37 ( zeno.org ).
  10. ^ Badische Zeitung February 16, 2018, author Norbert Sedlak; Badische Zeitung: The Schrätteli are a hamlet carnival clique for the family
  11. ↑ Zimmermann, Walther: Ex-libris (book owner's mark ) German pharmacists , GEHE-VERLAG GMBH DRESDEN and WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH STUTTGART, 1925, p. 108
  12. ↑ Bächtold-Stäubli, Hanns [Hrsg.]: Concise dictionary of German superstition . - unchanged photomechan. Reprint with e. Foreword by Christoph Daxelmüller, Berlin [u. a.], de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-011194-2 (1987 edition).
  13. ↑ Grimm 1992, vol. IS 397.