Walther Zimmermann (pharmacist)

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Walther Zimmermann (born July 9, 1890 in Dessau , † May 20, 1945 in Appenweier ) was a German pharmacist , pharmacy historian and writer .

Life

The hospital pharmacist at the Illenau sanatorium near Achern, co-founder of the Association of German Hospital and Hospital Pharmacists and the Society for the History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Historians, was an all-round educated personality with a changing political stance. Zimmermann was also active as a writer, especially as a novelist . His publications on botany, pharmacy history, folklore and regional studies have endured through the ages.

childhood and education

Walther Zimmermann was the first child of the Giersleben- born teacher Wilhelm Zimmermann (* 1864, † 1916) and his wife Ida, née Linsdorf - born in Dessau (* 1868, † 1907) - to the world. His father was a primary school teacher at the time and his family lived in the apartment building of the Linsdorf heirs in Dessau. He started school in Bernburg , where his father had been working as a pre-school teacher at the Carolinum at the “Herzoglichen Karlsgymnasium” since 1894. Wilhelm Zimmermann is listed in the “Address Book of the City of Bernburg for 1897/98” as a preschool teacher. His home address is Schloßstraße 15. In 1901, the family, including their grandmother, widow Friedrike Linsdorf, moved to Freiburg im Breisgau so that the teacher could be better off financially in his new position as a “city trade teacher”. The two sons should enjoy a higher education. As a child and adolescent, Walther Zimmermann grew up in his new home in Baden . After attending high school in Freiburg im Breisgau up to Untersekunda , he initially wanted to train as a draftsman, but decided, in accordance with his scientific preferences, to become a pharmacist. He completed his three-year pharmaceutical apprenticeship from 1907 in the Adler pharmacy in Freiburg . After taking the exam, he became an assistant in the pharmacy in Schopfheim in 1910 . He was particularly interested in botany like and his younger brother Gerhard (1892-1917).

In 1912 Zimmermann, with the support of the German Pharmacists' Association, described and published the forms of the orchid plants found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland in order to enable laypeople to determine the numerous genera and species of this family of plants themselves.

Studies and pharmacist profession

Zimmermann studied the then usual four semesters of pharmacy and botany at the Albert Ludwigs University from 1912 to 1914. There, his teachers were mainly the chemist Heinrich Kiliani (1855-1945), the pharmacist Wilhelm Autenrieth (1863-1925), the biochemist Adolf Windaus (1876–1959), the pharmacologist Walther Straub (1874–1944), the botanists Friedrich Oltmanns (1860–1945), Arthur Tröndle (1881–1920) and the physicist Franz Himstedt (1852–1933).

Institution pharmacist

He received his license to practice medicine as a pharmacist in 1915 after having passed the state examination at the University of Freiburg the year before . He initially used his university, pharmaceutical knowledge in various southern German pharmacies, including as deputy administrator of the clinical pharmacy in Freiburg im Breisgau, until he was employed as an institution pharmacist in the Illenau sanatorium near Achern in Baden in November 1917 .

Club activities

Zimmermann was a co-founder of the Association of German Institution and Hospital Pharmacists in 1926, which was created in 1911 through the transformation of the Association of Directors of Institution Pharmacies for the German Reich . He headed the communications of the Association of German Institution and Hospital Pharmacists , which was founded in 1927 . This magazine was initially published every two months and then monthly. In 1919 Zimmermann joined the Historical Association for Central Baden for the care of antiquity and art monuments , which was founded on May 8, 1910 in the town hall of Offenburg . In addition to his work as a pharmacist in Illenau, he volunteered and prepared the first general meeting after World War I on June 11, 1922 in the "Tivoli" film theater in Achern. Club life could also be preserved during the Third Reich. In addition, Zimmermann had been a member of the Baden Regional Association for Natural History and Conservation since 1913 .

He was a co-founder of the international society for the history of pharmacy in Hall near Innsbruck in 1926 and also took part in the previous consultations in the Winkler city pharmacy in Innsbruck. Since then he has been a member of its board of directors, initially as head of the central office for the collection of publications on the history of pharmacy and finally as an assessor. In 1926 he founded a local mountain rescue group in Achern together with members of the "Black Forest Association" and the "Ski Club", of which he was also a member.

Political belief

In 1920 Zimmermann joined the national liberal German People's Party . After their self-dissolution in 1933, he became a staunch National Socialist. He joined the NSDAP and supported the Nazi regime . Until 1935 he was the area pharmacist for the Hitler Youth in Baden. From 1937 to 1940 he was active as head of the Reich Youth Administration and Young Pharmacists 'department in the Reich office of the German Pharmacists' Association in Berlin. Zimmermann was appointed head of the “Reich Youth Administration” in the professional organization “Die Deutsche Apothekerschaft (DDA)” on December 17, 1937 and moved to the vicinity of his new job for professional reasons. In 1940, the Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung paid tribute to Zimmermann's 50th birthday retrospectively under the heading “Birthday” with details of his work as “Head of the Reich Youth Administration” in the “Reich Office of the German Pharmacists.” The DDA department head and hospital pharmacist a. D. was organizationally responsible for the training of all young pharmacists in the German Reich. With writings written by him, e.g. Zimmermann participated personally , for example, "Chemical-pharmaceutical training preparations of the apothecary's trainee", for which his superior, the "Reichsjugendwalter" Ernst Mutschler (* 1891; † 1974) wrote a preface, and elaborated lectures, which he enhanced with photographs he had taken himself the training. During the Second World War , Zimmermann lost his position in Berlin as part of a restructuring in 1940. Zimmermann later accused his former superior Ernst Mutschler in a confidential letter dated April 29, 1943 to his friend Ludwig Finckh (* 1876; † 1964), a poet and NSDAP member since 1933 like him.

Most recently, Zimmermann held the position of managing director of the German Pharmaceutical Society, which was founded in 1890 . In January 1941 he took over the management of the pharmacy in Appenweier until his death. In October 1942, the Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung reported the renaming to Paracelsius-Apotheke by the owner, Walther Zimmermann. On January 15, 1945, an article he had written was published for the last time in the journal Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , in which he evaluated the percentage of his pharmaceutical work as a pharmacist in Appenweier with that of the pharmaceutical industry since February 1941. Before that, he gave lectures on replacement and alternative means that could replace prescribed drugs in times of need , on the subject of “Practical suggestions for drug prescriptions for doctors in the 5th year of the war”. Based on the results of these war years, he came to the conclusion that it was necessary “to propose prescription prescriptions to doctors instead of specialties that are difficult to obtain and to take alternative routes”.

bookplate

Zimmermann not only collected pharmacist bookplates, but also dealt with the "works of graphic art that serve to identify the owner of a book ...", as he wrote in his introduction to "Book Owner's Mark" in Illenau in 1925. His collection included three of his own bookplates, which he used differently to mark his various books. The author had the largest book owner's mark , “Walther Zimmermann Apotheker - FOR STAND UND STAAT”, made up of a graphically designed mortar column with pestle, published in his book “Exlibris”.

For this bookplate, which was supposed to express his overall personality, the pharmacist commissioned the Achern artist Julius Graf (* 1884, † 1968) and designed the design himself. According to the description of the owner, the surname "Zimmermann" is the focus of the bookmark . The name Zimmermann is illustrated by a drawn flower of the orchid "Ophrys Zimmermanniana". At the same time, the "talking name sign" should refer to the discoverer of this orchid, the botanist and full-time lawyer Alfred Fuchs (* 1872; † 1927). The artist made the concept of life “always lively” known in the orchid blossom environment with the Alemannic motto “Allwil busber”. A shepherd with a shepherd's staff and sheep on the one hand and a carpenter with tools - such as a room saw, carpenter's ax, chisel, hammer and joiner's bench - point to the ancestors of the apothecary Zimmermann. According to his own statements, he wanted to express his preference for German language and dialect research as well as folklore with the Middle High German words in the book owner's mark “Dis Buoch is myn”.

In the base of the mortar on this book mark, the three places with which Zimmermann felt particularly connected in his life as a student, apprentice and pharmacist until 1925: Bernburg an der Saale, Freiburg im Breisgau with the minster and Illenau, his place of work, and in the background the Hornisgrinde landscape.

A second, smaller bookmark designed by himself bears the legend. "PROPERTY OF APOTHEKER WALTHER ZIMMERMANN 1925 WZ". The owner used this trademark for offprints from his library. According to Zimmermann's description, this bookplate should capture “the entire scientific personality of the owner” in a concentrated form: the pharmacist, the specialist historian (pharmacy historian), the botanist, the folklorist and the writer. The small graphic shows: the orchid flower of the "Ophrys Zimmermanniana". A glass vessel for separating substances by heating and subsequent cooling, the so-called retort, is just as eye-catching as the historical mortar, which is equipped with a pestle and decorated with a five-pointed star , the heraldry's dog foot . The decoration is intended here as a symbol for evil, Alemannic people, the Schrätteli , and is intended to symbolize Walther Zimmermann as a folklorist. A quill , which symbolizes the writer Walther Zimmermann, and a pharmacy jug with a cylindrical spout and bulbous wall and a label on it round off this personality bookplate. The pharmacist wanted to emphasize the specialist politician with the pestle shown .

Zimmermann wanted to illustrate his connection with the "floristic-systematic special field of orchid science" with the small bookplate he had drawn himself. It shows the orchid blossom he used several times in the field of an "inverted triangle" together with his first and last name, which he designed in typographical capital letters.

Award

The Society for the History of Pharmacy awarded Zimmermann the Schelenz badge in 1937.

Fonts (selection)

  • The forms of the Orchidaceae of Germany, German-Austria and Switzerland. Self-published by the German Pharmacists' Association, Berlin 1912.
  • Doctor and pharmacist mirror. A collection of proverbs. DNB 578499576
  • Bookplate (book owner's mark) German pharmacist 1925. Sendet, Walluf 1925, ISBN 978-3-500-24810-3 .
  • The year 1924 as reflected in pharmaceutical history. In: Pharmaceutical Newspaper , Volume 70 (1925), pp. 737-739.
  • Society for the History of Pharmacy. In: Apotheker-Zeitung , 41st year (1926), p. 915.
  • The tasks of the central office of the Society for the History of Pharmacy. In: Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , 66th year (1926), p. 592.
  • Establishment and unification goals of the Society for the History of Pharmacy. In: Apotheker-Zeitung , 41st year (1926), p. 1362.
  • The pharmacist in East Prussian fairy tales. In: Pharmaceutical Newspaper , Volume 74 (1929), pp. 1663f.
  • New discoveries and location reports from the flora of Achern. In: Contributions to scientific research in Baden . Ed .: Badischer Landesverein für Naturkunde und Naturschutz in Freiburg im Breisgau, No. 4, 1929; PDF .
  • The days of the foundation of the Society for the History of Pharmacy. In: Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , 74th year (1934), p. 346f.
  • Review of: Georg Edmund Then : How do I write the history of my pharmacy In: Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , 77th year (1937), p. 298.
  • Chemical-pharmaceutical training preparations of the pharmacist intern. Verlag Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung. Stuttgart 1939.
  • Botanical trip with pharmacist interns in the area around Berlin.
  • The pharmaceutical preliminary examination in questions and answers. Stuttgart 1943, 3rd, completely revised and improved edition, Stuttgart 1946.
  • As a pharmacy owner in Appenweier, participates in: Fischer, Philipp: Der Apothekerpraktikant. Textbook for the training of German pharmacy interns , 4th edition, Stuttgart 1944.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hein, Wolfgang-Hagen / Schwarz, Holm-Dietmar (ed.): Deutsche Apotheker-Biographie , Volume 2: M – Z. (= Publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy. Volume 46). Stuttgart 1978, p. 778f., Keyword: "Zimmermann, Walther"; DNB 790396327
  2. ↑ Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , 74th year (1934), p. 350
  3. ↑ According to the address book of the main and residential city of Dessau in 1891 (p. 223), the Zimmermann family lived in the house at Bismarckstrasse 8 (now Willy-Lohmann-Strasse). The residents of the house belonged to the Protestant parish of St. Johannis .
  4. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung , Volume 74 (1934), p. 349
  5. ^ Boman-Degen, Stefanie / Friedrich, Christoph: Walther Zimmermann: (1890-1945). For pharmacists and the state . Stuttgart 2015, p. 30ff. ISBN 978-3-8047-3418-0 .
  6. ↑ Boman-Degen, Stefanie: Emancipation of a young pharmacist-botanist . In: Geschichte der Pharmazie , DAZ supplement , 68th volume, November 2016, pp. 66–71; ISSN  0939-334X .
  7. ↑ carpenter; Walther: The forms of the Orchidaceae in Germany, German-Austria and Switzerland . Berlin 1912.
  8. ^ "Hospital pharmacist Walther Zimmermann, Illenau"; Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , 74th year (1934), p. 349f.
  9. ↑ Adlung, A./Urdang, G .: outline of the history of the German pharmacy . Berlin 1935, p. 27; [Digital reprint] ISBN 978-3-642-52555-1 .
  10. ↑ Boman-Degen, Stefanie / Friedrich, Christoph: Walther Zimmermann (1890-1945). For pharmacists and the state . Stuttgart 2015, p. 78
  11. ↑ Zimmermann lived - separated from his family in Achern - at Pfalzburger Strasse 76 in Berlin; Berlin address book 1939 Part I p. 3342 Column 2
  12. ↑ Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , No. 56, July 13, 1940, p. 425
  13. ^ Verlag Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung, Stuttgart 1939
  14. ↑ Boman-Degen, Stefanie / Friedrich, Christoph: Walther Zimmermann (1890-1945). For pharmacists and the state. Stuttgart 2015, p. 116.f.
  15. ↑ Boman-Degen, Stefanie / Friedrich, Christoph: Walther Zimmermann (1890-1945). For pharmacists and the state. Stuttgart 2015, p. 128f.
  16. ↑ Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , 1940, No. 97, p. 734.
  17. ↑ No. 85/86 of October 31, 1942, p. 334
  18. ^ Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , Volume 60 (1945), No. 1; Post delivery location Stollberg / Sa.
  19. ↑ Zimmermann, Walther: Ex-libris (book owner's mark ) German pharmacists , GEHE-VERLAG GMBH DRESDEN and WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH STUTTGART, 1925, p. 68; Reprint 1972: ISBN 3-500-24810-1
  20. ↑ Zimmermann, Walther: Ex-libris (book owner's mark ) German pharmacists , GEHE-VERLAG GMBH DRESDEN and WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH STUTTGART, 1925, p. 71; Digital library Braunschweig
  21. ↑ Much like: "This book is mine."
  22. ↑ Boman-Degen, Stefanie / Friedrich, Christoph: Walther Zimmermann (1890-1945). For pharmacists and the state . Stuttgart 2015, p. 215
  23. ↑ Zimmermann, Walther: Ex-libris (book owner's mark ) German pharmacists , GEHE-VERLAG GMBH DRESDEN and WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH STUTTGART, 1925, p. 109
  24. ↑ Zimmermann, Walther: Ex-libris (book owner's mark ) German pharmacists , GEHE-VERLAG GMBH DRESDEN and WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH STUTTGART, 1925, p. 108
  25. ↑ Illustration in: Boman-Degen, Stefanie / Friedrich, Christoph: Walther Zimmermann (1890–1945). For pharmacists and the state . Stuttgart 2015, p. 216
  26. ^ Julien, Pierre: La Schelenz plaque et ses derniers récipiendaires . The Schelenz Foundation III. 1973 to 1988; Overview 1930–1988, p. 458
  27. ↑ "Walther Zimmermann, institutional pharmacist a. D., Head of the Reich Youth Administration Department in the Reich Office of the German Pharmacists' Association ”. Stuttgart 1939. Verlag Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung. 384 pages; doi: 10.1002 / ardp.19392770510
  28. ^ Description of a trip to the Briesetal nature reserve near Birkenwerder near Berlin , included in the 3rd supplemented edition of the textbook "Der Apothekerpraktikant", Stuttgart 1941; Author: Philipp Fischer; Hans Kaiser; Walther Zimmermann.
personal data
SURNAME Zimmermann, Walther
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zimmermann, Illenau; Artur Bernhard Decker (writer pseudonym); A. Bodegger; PJ Still (alias)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pharmacist
DATE OF BIRTH July 9, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Dessau
DATE OF DEATH May 20, 1945
Place of death Appenweier