Schuderbachswiese

The Schuderbachswiese is one of the most important mountain meadows in Thuringia . It is located in the central Thuringian Forest on the southern outskirts of the municipality of Oberhof .

Thuringia's largest arnica deposit can be found on the Schuderbachswiese.

The Schuderbachswiese is the best preserved mountain meadow in Thuringia.

Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 52 ″  N , 10 ° 43 ′ 31 ″  E

Schuderbachswiese​

Thuringia

The 5.8 hectare area has been protected as an area natural monument since 1992 . This unique meadow is characterized by very well-preserved, species-rich montane bristle grass lawns and mountain hay meadows. Significant deposits of arnica ( Arnica montana ), also known as Berg-Wohlverleih, are found here; there are several types of orchids and other protected and endangered plant species.

Geography and climate

In the immediate vicinity of the Schuderbachswiese, the Rennsteig runs over the pass at the Rondell in a westward direction to the pass at the Grenzadler (former Saxon-Prussian border). The meadow takes its name from the Schuderbach, which once flowed through the area on the southeastern edge and is now largely piped.

The area is exposed to the south-east, the highest point is 810 m above sea level. NHN , the deepest at 780 m above sea level. NHN. From 1950 to 1981 a weather measuring station (DWD-Stations-ID 3694) was operated on the northern edge of the Schuderbachswiese. During this time, an annual average temperature of 5.2 ° C and an average annual rainfall of 1,166.8 mm were measured.

Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Oberhof (1950–1981) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 5.7 7.0 12.0 16.8 21.1 24.4 25.6 25.2 21.9 17.9 11.1 6.5 O 16.3 Min. Temperature (° C) -13.4 -12.8 -9.4 -5.2 -1.6 2.9 5.1 5.6 2.8 -2.2 -7.4 -11.1 O −3.8 Temperature (° C) -3.4 -2.9 0.2 4.0 8.7 12.3 13.8 13.4 10.6 6.2 0.9 -2.3 O 5.2 Precipitation ( mm ) 82.8 75.9 88.8 89.3 93.5 115.4 107.5 112.1 94.0 92.0 101.3 114.2 Σ 1,166.8 T e m p e r a t u r 5.7 -13.4 7.0 -12.8 12.0 -9.4 16.8 -5.2 21.1 -1.6 24.4 2.9 25.6 5.1 25.2 5.6 21.9 2.8 17.9 -2.2 11.1 -7.4 6.5 -11.1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 82.8 75.9 88.8 89.3 93.5 115.4 107.5 112.1 94.0 92.0 101.3 114.2   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: DWD Climate Data Center (CDC): Historical monthly station observations for Germany, Version v007, 2018; Station ID 3694

Usage history and protection efforts

From 1909 to 1944, what was then the "Herzogliche Golfclub Oberhof" used the Schuderbachswiese as a golf course between May and September. Between 1950 and 1990 the area was sporadically grazed or mowed with horses. A single mowing has been carried out annually since 1990 and, in the winter months, a light family ski operation (ski school) takes place using mobile tow lifts. The area was owned by the state forest administration until 2018 and was transferred to the Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thuringia (LEG) by resolution of the state parliament in November 2018, together with adjacent forest plots .

In 1990 a section of the meadow with an area of ​​2.5 hectares was placed under protection as a natural monument (FND). In 1992 it was expanded to 5.8 hectares, which means that almost the entire meadow is now under protection as an FND. Regular single mowing is one of the main reasons why very species-rich plant communities were able to develop on the Schuderbachswiese . The Working Group Heimische Orchideen Thüringen eV (AHO) therefore submitted the proposal in 1998 to designate this meadow as a protected landscape component (GLB), and in 2017 an application was made for protection as a nature reserve (NSG).

Efforts are currently being made to rebuild a golf course on the Schuderbachswiese. In 2018, the three nature conservation associations NABU Thuringia, BUND Thuringia and AHO Thuringia passed a joint resolution on the protection of the Schuderbachswiese against the redesign of a golf course due to the supra-regional nature conservation importance of this mountain meadow complex.

Flora and habitat types

Arnica is a typical type of mountain meadow.

The Schuderbachswiese has the largest occurrence of arnica ( Arnica montana ) in Thuringia - a characteristic mountain meadow plant species that is classified as endangered (RLT 2) in the Red List of Ferns and Flowering Plants Thuringia (RLT) and for its conservation Germany carries a high level of responsibility (so-called type of responsibility within the National Strategy on Biodiversity , see National Strategy and List of Types of Responsibility). An arnica blossom is part of the logo of the “Thuringian Forest” nature park . The conservation status of this symbolic plant is classified as "bad" for Thuringia.

The occurrence of the orchid species Green hollow tongue ( Dactylorhiza viridis ; RLT 2) is a specialty . Several other plant species that are on the Red List in Thuringia characterize the extraordinary biodiversity of the mountain meadow; this includes u. a. the Broad orchid ( Dactylorhiza majalis ; RLT 2), the wood-lice herb ( Pedicularis sylvatica ; RLT 2) and the awns-rattle ( Rhinantus glacialis ; RLT 3). Also noteworthy are the occurrences of peat moss species ( Sphagnum spp.), All of which are protected throughout Germany.

The green hollow tongue is endangered in Thuringia.

The green hollow tongue was detected for the first time in 1997, since then the population has been regularly recorded. Since 1998 the inventory and control of the population has been carried out by the area supervisor on behalf of the Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG, today Thuringian State Office for Environment, Mining and Nature Conservation [TLUBN]) within the permanent observation program of the AHO Thuringia for particularly protected orchid occurrences. It turned out that the population on the Schuderbachswiese is the largest of its kind in Thuringia. Since 2008, the area and the population have increased steadily there.

The entire Schuderbachswiese is covered by legally protected biotope types . Especially characterize three habitat types (LRT), which in the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive of the European Union are listed (Habitats Directive): Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous soils (priority habitat type 6230 *) on the majority of the surface mining Meadows (LRT 6520) and dry European heaths (LRT 4030). Borst grass lawns are on the red list of endangered biotope types in Germany and are classified in category “1!” (Acutely threatened by complete destruction), hay meadows in higher elevations in category “1-2” (endangered or threatened with complete destruction) and mountain heaths in category "2-3" (endangered to very endangered). The classification of the arboreal grass lawn in the red list of biotope types in Thuringia was also in category "1" (threatened with complete destruction). In this respect, the Schuderbachswiese with its well-preserved habitats is a specialty in Thuringia and beyond.

Web links

Commons : Schuderbachswiese  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Information from the AHO Thüringen eV on the Schuderbachswiese
• Resolution of the Thuringian nature conservation associations NABU, BUND and AHO to preserve the Schuderbachswiese

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Map service of the TLUBN. Retrieved March 25, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Historical monthly station observations (temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine duration, etc.) for Germany, version v007. Description stations. DWD Climate Data Center (CDC), accessed on March 18, 2019 . 
3. ↑ Historical monthly station observations (temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine duration, etc.) for Germany, version v007. Monthly values ​​KL Stations-ID 3694 DWD Climate Data Center (CDC), accessed on March 18, 2019 . 
4. ↑ Ducal golf club. Retrieved March 18, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Friedrich Wulf: Changes in the grassland vegetation in the old district of Schmalkalden (Thuringia) between 1960 and 2000 - Derivation of a botanical model for the development of grassland in southwest Thuringia . In: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (Hrsg.): Landscape maintenance and nature conservation in Thuringia . tape 40 , no. 3 , 2003, p. 69 - 80 .
6. ↑ Gunnar Waesch: The change in use in the low mountain range using the example of grassland . In: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (Hrsg.): Landscape maintenance and nature conservation in Thuringia . tape 42 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 16-22 .
7. ↑ Golfers want to destroy arnica deposits. NABU Thüringen eV, April 11, 2018, accessed on March 18, 2019 . 
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Heiko Korsch, Werner Westhus: Red list of fern and flowering plants (Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta) Thuringia . In: Nature Conservation Report . tape 26 , 2011, p. 365 - 390 .
9. ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety [BMUB], Public Relations Department (Ed.): National strategy for biological diversity of the federal government . 2007, p. 179 .
10. ↑ Thuringian Forest Nature Park. Thuringian Forest Nature Park, accessed on March 18, 2019 . 
11. ↑ Thuringian strategy for the conservation of biological diversity. (PDF) Thuringian Ministry of Agriculture, Forests, Environment and Nature Conservation [TMLFUN], 2011, p. 50 , accessed on March 18, 2019 . 
12. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Rode, Heiko Korsch: Report on the 24th mapping meeting of Thuringian florists from July 5th to 7th, 2013 at the Schmücke . In: Information on floristic mapping in Thuringia . tape 33 , 2014, pp. 2 - 5 .
13. ↑ ^{a b c d} Volker Kögler: Information on the Schuderbachswiese. (PDF) AHO Thüringen eV, February 10, 2019, accessed on March 18, 2019 . 
14. ↑ ^{a b} Claus Peter, S. Waschke, T. Thomas, C. Dietrich: Long-term observation and orchid mapping as a basis for species protection. From the work of the Hortenring "Rennsteig" Oberhof of the German Forest Youth . In: AHO Thuringia eV (Hrsg.): Heimische Orchideen. Species monitoring and long-term observation, population dynamics and species protection, basics for targeted biotope maintenance . Uhlstädt 2000, p. 84-89 .
15. ↑ ^{a b} Volker Kögler: Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) RMBATEMAN, PRIDGEON & MWCHASE Green hollow tongue. In: Heinrich, W. et al. (Ed.): Thuringia's orchids . Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel 2014, p. 416-425 .
16. ↑ Species-rich montane arborist grass lawns on silicate soils
17. ↑ Mountain hay meadows
18. ↑ Dry European heaths
19. ↑ Peter Finck, Stefanie Heinze, Ulrike Raths, Uwe Riecken, Axel Ssymank: Red List of Endangered Biotope Types in Germany. Third updated version. In: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation [BfN] (Ed.): Nature Conservation and Biological Diversity . tape 156 . Bonn / Bad Godesberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7843-4056-2 , p. 637 .
20. ↑ Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert, Werner Westhus: Red lists of endangered animal and plant species, plant communities and biotopes of Thuringia . In: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (Hrsg.): Naturschutzreport . tape 26 . Jena 2011, p. 544 .