Hellersiedlung Dresden

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City map from 1917
Hellergut
Lighter landscape
Helicopter observation tower
Hellerberge, Hellersiedlung
Hellerberge, Hellersiedlung
Hellerberge, Hellersiedlung
Sport aircraft Klemm L25
Stehaufchen glides
Hellerberge, Hellersiedlung

The Hellersiedlung is located in the north of the Saxon state capital Dresden on the Hellers area.

prehistory

The Hellerberge are a lightly wooded, light sandy dune-shaped landscape with larger sand deposits with an inland dune-like character. In the 16th century, a farming family settled and built their own estate with a large farmhouse , outbuildings and two half-timbered houses below the Hellerberge, which is how the Hellergut on Augustusweg came into being. The painter Otto Altenkirch painted some pictures of the Heller landscape and also the no longer existing Hellergut. In 1673 the adjacent Grüner Baum tavern near Poststrasse to Radeburg opened for carters and travelers.

Military use

In 1827 the barren dune landscape began to be cut down and cleared. The clearing stretched to the vineyards on the nearby Wilder Mann . The area was closed to the public and military use of the Heller began. A parade ground for the royal Saxon army was created. From 1834 to 1837, space was cleared for the construction of accommodation to accommodate members of the army and their equipment of the 1st and 2nd line infantry regiment König vacant Niesemeuchel a further 75 hectares of forest. A practice firing range was created for the Saxon cavalry . In 1861 the shooting range was doubled due to the more modern guns. To mobilize in the German War of 1866 , the 32,000-strong army was drawn together and placed under Crown Prince Albert as Commander-in-Chief. In the war between Austria and Prussia, the Austrians and their ally Saxony were defeated. On October 23, 1866, Saxony and Prussia made peace. Saxony joined the North German Confederation . Almost the same scene in 1870, for the Franco-Prussian War , again the Saxon army, which had now been converted according to the Prussian model, was assembled on the Heller. In 1880 the military administration of Saxony bought a piece of land with loose pine trees in the south of the Hellerberge from a private person. First a wide military road was laid out, today's Stauffenbergallee. In the period that followed, Albertstadt was built , a 3.5 kilometer long contiguous barracks complex with almost homely comfort for the soldiers. In 1894, the Hellerhof was restructured southwest above the Trachenberger Weinhang for donkey keeping. Donkey milk was produced for people with allergies to cow's milk and administered on site.

The training ground becomes an airfield

In 1900 the practice area was expanded by 600 hectares. Around 1908 the districts reached the geographical city limits of Hellerberge due to the growing population. The industrial site was built south of Stauffenbergallee and the Hellerau garden settlement with the Deutsche Werkstätten to the north . On August 1, 1912, the 148-meter-long Zeppelin airship of the type LZ 11 , named Victoria Luise, landed on the Heller site. A large round landing area with large spiral anchors was set up especially for this purpose. In 1914, Saxony raised its own army for the last time. With the defeat in the First World War and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic , the area fell to the Reichswehr .

Airfield

In 1922, the city council, in agreement with the Reichswehr , decided to build an airfield on the eastern part of the cavalry training area . A runway was leveled and the depressions were filled with debris and a thin layer of earth was applied. A mixture of grass and clover made for a hard-wearing surface. A large dispatch building was built at the end of Magazinstrasse. When the runway was built, those responsible knew that the airfield was too small, and so it served as an interim solution until 1935. During this time, model flying clubs and sailing enthusiasts also used the area of ​​today's Hellersiedlung for their activities. The first motorized winch to pull up the sailors was installed by engineer and gliding instructor Albert Hick. The first own sailor, the Hellervogel , was created in joint club work . The academic flying group from the Technical University was also represented with its two-seater DB 9 aircraft . In 1933 the SS took over the area from the Hellerhof to the Drachenschlucht and used it as a training camp. In 1936 the airfield was officially closed and relocated to Klotzsche . Part of the site was used to dispose of household waste . A special event was the start of a central German sightseeing flight on July 15, 1939 under the National Socialist Aviation Corps (NSFK), formerly Deutscher Luftsportverband e. V. goal was the city of Braunschweig on Erfurt in formation of a glider tow chain of two sailors Baby II and the sailors D Stand reach. These were towed by three Klemm Kl 25 sport aircraft .

Military use again

When the city's first air raid was triggered in 1940 , it was decided to defend against air raids. Eight anti- aircraft guns were installed on previously concreted gun stands. However, the guns were withdrawn to the front in autumn 1944. During the devastating bombings of Dresden in the spring of 1945, the new Klotzsche Airport , the barracks town and the Heller were not hit by bombs and remained unscathed. The Wehrmacht fled the barracks in April, so the bombed out moved into the empty buildings. There were also countless displaced persons and refugees.

After 1945

On May 8 and 9, 1945, the Red Army occupied the north of Dresden and took over the barracks and expelled the temporarily evacuated bombed-out people and refugees. Order of the Allies : Until 1951 it was prohibited to manufacture or own gliders. This also brought sailing and model flying to a standstill. The new rulers called for a new formation of the city council and the election of democratic, not Nazi-charged officials. There were two main tasks for the city council, the removal of rubble from the 15 square kilometers totally destroyed city and the supply of the population with food. The Soviet headquarters also ordered that their orders be implemented without delay. This involved the denazification and confiscation of vehicles , jewelry , clocks , typewriters , fur coats, radio receivers, bicycles, works of art and the dismantling of still functioning machines of all kinds, railway tracks and technology. The city council could not decide independently and always had to ask for permission and approval for all resolutions. The new mayor Walter Weidauer drew up a reconstruction plan. This included the fallow land campaign . Citizens should quickly dig up fallow areas such as sports fields, meadows and abandoned land in order to grow food. Great desire extended to the former airfield and other large parts of the Hellers (parade ground).

Hellersiedlung

The city council applied for the transfer of ownership of the former Wehrmacht property. The application was made too early, there was still no state government, and it was rejected. Another attempt was rejected by the forest administration . A preliminary inquiry for a settlement of the former airfield with the commander of the occupying forces was confirmed. Thus the Heller was included in the town planning. The first measure was a deployed evacuation team with a strength of 17 people, including 12 women. They were instructed to collect all military items lying around and bring them to a collection point in Riesaer Strasse. On October 10, 1945, the state administration finally decided to transfer some of the land. At the request of the building committee at the headquarters, a clearing tank was used to level the huge area. At the same time, on the instructions of the Soviet military administration, the former airport buildings were blown up, although there was a great housing shortage in the destroyed city .

Beginning

In a public consultation on November 21, 1945, the mayor announced the new use of the former airfield site. This cleared the way for the new fallow land settlement. On January 27, 1946, the city council announced the guidelines for selecting settlers. Preferred people should be active opponents of the Nazi regime, members of the Communist Party, anti-fascists and large families. Furthermore, the contents of the lease contracts and the surveying as well as the allocations were decided. The fee for the survey was 25 Reichsmarks and for the allocation 5 RM. Over 800 individual gardens stretched over 55 hectares , connected by parallel access roads, which were designated with the letters A to N from south to north. The individual parcels were 1000 or 2000 square meters in size. This created what is probably the largest allotment garden settlement in Germany. Since 1947 is in the waste land settlement or, Heller Airport settlement , gewerkelt diligently. The first little houses were built.

1947

On February 13, 1947, the city council approved the construction of a water supply for the settlement; the city assumed the cost of 38,000 RM. The line ended at today's D-Weg. The continuation takes place as a summer water pipe and was taken over by the settlers. At the next meeting of the city council on March 4, 1947, the award and selection were again negotiated. In a further meeting on June 12, 1947, the first requirements for planning the settlement and development were laid down. In 1948 special identity cards were issued for fallow settlers so that the persons could also prove authorized access. In the meantime, the 443rd Engineer Battalion of the Red Army had seized the barracks and the northern part of the Heller as a permanent training area. Another water connection on the K-Weg was put into operation around 1949.

1950s

In 1950 the power supply finally reached the new settlement. The line runs from a transformer station on Diebsteig to the C-Weg. Power fluctuations and shutdowns are the order of the day, and the water pressure was often insufficient so that no water could be drawn off. In 1953 the settlers built their club house at the end of the E-Weg from residual material from the blown airfield buildings. In 1957, the Soviet armed forces laid a runway north of the rubble mountain for their helicopter squadron with a flight control center and fuel depot. For this purpose, some buildings were built in Russian construction. In 1970 a maintenance hall was built. In the period from 1958 to 1970, larger planned housing developments were also built for a fee of 70 marks. In 1959 the paths were renamed and run in ascending order from the south with path-A to path-M.

1960s

The house of culture received the building permit in 1960 with immediate start of construction. It was completed in 1964 and was managed by the tenant Alfred Scholz. For the 20th anniversary in 1966 of the existence of the Hellersiedlung, the gardening board invited people to the Volkshaus Laubegast restaurant. Admission cost 1.10 MDN , there was a rich buffet , cultural contributions and the Armin Dorn band played for the dance. Two flagpoles had to be erected in 1967, one for the workers flag and one for the Republic flag. A special feature took place on the I-Weg in 1968. The gardens were always affected by Soviet tanks that came to be loaded. A garden friend remembered his old relationships as far as Moscow and at least managed to get the tanks loaded in Koenigsbrück .

1970s

In the settlement there are 27 single-family houses, over 120 bungalows with secondary homes and many arbors. In 1970, for example, the settlers obtained 60 tons of vegetables , 120 tons of tree and bush fruit, 34 tons of strawberries , 78,300 eggs and 215 kilos of meat (rabbit, goat and sheep meat). The city council passed a resolution so that from then on the settlement belonged to the VKSK , an allotment garden association . An application in 1971 by the settlers for development with real roads and the associated media was rejected by the city for financial reasons. From 1972 the old ailing water pipes were replaced with a winter-proof one lying in the main paths. In 1971, newly planned construction projects on the part of the city caused unrest in the settlement. A new modern residential area was to be created. But in the end the protest was enough and the Jägerpark was built, the settlement character was retained. The city council decided on a license fee, consisting of a usage fee and property tax , for all buildings on publicly owned land. Bauaktiv was founded in 1973 and acted on behalf of the building authorities . A meeting of the SED party group with all comrades of the KGS Hellersiedlung took place in 1976 in November. In the meantime there were 401 plots with 1000, 126 with 500 square meters and 21 with different smaller sizes. There were 807 members, 106 of them party members. Roadside officers were appointed and display cases for political propaganda were purchased. When the garden was re-allocated, the large areas were divided and given preference to party members , members of the NVA , the People's Police and civil defense, as well as members of the MfS . New building types for the Hellersiedlung were defined. One of them may only be used, however, because there is a shortage economy . In 1978 new negotiations for a more modern power supply were held with the GDR company Energiekombinat . The party group protested against the plans to build an asphalt mixing plant (Teltomat) - in vain.

Hellerberge, asphalt mixing plant
Hellerberge, greened household waste dump

1980s

The renewal of the power supply began in sections from crossway to crossway. The work continues until 1989. In 1981 the gardening board of the VKSK decided to rename the KGS Hellersiedlung Nordhöhe to KGS Nordhöhe . Thus the settlement character should give way. A GDR television series acted in the north height from 1982. With the title stories about the garden fence , people filmed diligently on paths C, D and F under the name Gartensparte Uhlenhorst . The actors Monika Woytowicz , Manfred Richter , Dorit Gäbler , Helga Göring , Herbert Köfer , Uta Schorn , Rolf Herricht and others will initially create 7 episodes. When two actors fled to capitalist foreign countries, the series was canceled and continued from 1984 under the new name Neues über Gartenzaun . In 1985 the garden friends built a multi-purpose barrack and renovated the restaurant. The income could again be increased. However, these were also used as barter objects in the growing shortage economy for spare parts or building materials. In 1988 the association had 1,365 members and 664 parcels.

Signpost on the rubble mountain
Hellerberge, path, ascent to the rubble mountain

1990s

In the political turning point of orientation exists when the East German clubs trigger and finally the political influence of the party group with permanent guardianship ceased. Now the income could be used for yourself. However, the emigration to the old federal states that began had a negative impact. In 1991 the reorganization according to federal law began . The Dresden Garden Friends Association was founded as an association. The new lease was negotiated, instead of the city's demand of two hundred times the increase from 5 to 7 pfennigs. The association is now again called Hellersiedlung Nordhöhe . Numerous soil surveys began in 1992 and around 1 / 5th of the gardens were exposed to contamination and pollution. a. of arsenic , lead , copper , mercury , cadmium , zinc and hydrocarbons . The tenants concerned were precisely informed and trained how to proceed. In 1995 the gardens again had 726 parcels, 364 of which were registered with the residents' registration office. From 1996 the facilities of the helicopter squadron will be dismantled.

2000s

It started with the possibility that eligible residents could buy their property from the Free State of Saxony . The Property Rights Clearing Act made it possible. On July 6, 2000, the new and most modern prison on Hammerweg was put into operation. The mountain of rubbish and rubble that arose next to the gardens in GDR times was renovated from 2002 to 2007 and converted into a biotope . There is now a hiking trail (Grüner Punkt) between the Dresdner Heide and the Junge Heide on the Heller , which leads over two beautiful, artificially created viewpoints to a mountain of rubble and along a former, renovated garbage dump. In 2006 the 60th anniversary of the Hellersiedlung was celebrated at the summer festival, which takes place every year. The now ruinous multi-purpose barracks will be demolished. On the F-Weg, the Dresdner Tafel received a parcel for its own cultivation. A barrier system at the Hammerweg entrance was installed in 2008 to prevent increasing through traffic . In 2009, the allotment gardening non-profit status was withdrawn . The association had lodged an objection . The development of the Heller has turned from military use into a green oasis and nature is slowly recovering.

literature

  • Maria Petrasch: Otto Altenkirch (1875–1945). Life and work. 2005. ISBN 3-00-016284-4 .
  • Ralf Weißflog: History of the Hellers in Dresden and the Hellersiedlung. Self-published in 2009

Web links

Commons : Hellerberge  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Dresden districts.
  2. ↑ a b Dresden City Archives
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l History of the Hellers in Dresden and the Hellersiedlung
  4. ↑ a b Dresden City Archives
  5. ^ Dresden City Archives
  6. ↑ a b c Dresden City Archives
  7. ↑ a b Dresden City Archives
  8. ^ Dresden City Archives
  9. ↑ a b c Bunkers and military installations.
  10. ↑ a b Dresden City Archives
  11. ↑ Charitable KGV Hellersiedlung-Nordhöhe eV