Black breastberry

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Black breastberry
Black breastberry (Cordia myxa)

Black breastberry ( Cordia myxa )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Cordioideae
Genre : Kordien ( Cordia )
Type : Black breastberry
Scientific name
Cordia myxa
L.

The Black Ber ( Cordia Myxa ) is a plant of the genus Kordien ( Cordia ) in the family Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The black breastberry grows as a deciduous tree or shrub that reaches heights of up to 5–12 meters. The bark of the young twigs and branches is hairy rust-red and downy.

The alternate, simple leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 4.5 inches long. The leaf blade, which is lighter on the underside, is 8 to 18 centimeters long and approximately the same width, almost circular, broadly ovoid or ovate to broadly elliptical or obovate with an acute-angled to rounded, almost obtuse or more or less heart-shaped blade base and acuminate to pointed with rounded to blunt upper end. The nerve is threefold with pinnate central vein and lighter, as well as raised on the underside. The leaf margin is serrated all the way to the point. The underside of the leaf is slightly velvety hairy. There are no stipules .

Generative characteristics

Cordia myxa is dioeciously dioecious . Terminal or lateral, multi-flowered panicles are formed. The stalked flowers are unisexual and white to cream-colored. The flowering period in Pakistan extends from March to April. The female flowers have a tubular calyx with 3–4 lobes, densely hairy on the inside, and a funnel-shaped crown with 4–6 recessed and rolled lobes, as well as staminodes with sterile anthers at the top of the crown. The ovary is upper constant with a stylus elongated scars with 4 branches. The male flowers have a cup-shaped, internally hairy calyx with 3 lobes and a cup-shaped crown with 5 lobes, as well as a reduced pestle. The slightly protruding stamens are attached to the top of the crown.

The orange-yellow to brownish, bare stone fruit when ripe is about 2–3.5 centimeters long and oval to rounded with a pointed upper end. The base of the fruit sits in the enlarged, broad, cup-shaped calyx and at the top there are still remains of a stylus. The pulp is whitish-transparent and slimy. The slightly wrinkled stone core is one to two seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

distribution

The black breastberry occurs naturally in India , Pakistan and Sri Lanka , Laos , Myanmar, and Iran . It occurs outside of the original range, for example in Turkey , Africa, Madagascar and the Comoros as a wild plant species.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Cordia myxa was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Cordia officinalis Lam is a synonym for Cordia myxa L. or Cordia paniculata Roth et al. a.

use

Cordia myxa is planted as a crop. The fruits, leaves, sprouts, seeds and flowers are edible. The fruits as well as the bark and leaves have medicinal effects.

Common names

For Cordia myxa the common German names Black Breast Berry, Jujube, Sebeste and Sebestenpflaume exist or existed .

history

swell

Historical illustrations

literature

Web links

Commons : Cordia myxa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Yasin J. Nasir: Black breast berry at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ Black Breastberry at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ a b Black Breast Berry at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 9, 2015.
  4. ^ Cordia myxa at KEW Science.
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 110. ( online ).
  6. ↑ Avicenna , 11th century: Canon of Medicine . Translation and adaptation by Gerhard von Cremona , Arnaldus de Villanova and Andrea Alpago (1450–1521). Basel 1556, Volume II, Chapter 646: Sebesten (digitized version ) .
  7. ^ Pseudo-Serapion 13th century, print. Venice 1497, sheet 100r (No VIII): Sebesten (digitized) .
  8. ↑ Gart der Gesundheit . Mainz 1485, chapter 356: Sebesten eyn Frucht (digitized version ) .
  9. ↑ Hortus sanitatis 1491, Mainz 1491, Part I, Chapter 425: Sebesten (digitized version ) .
  10. ↑ Hieronymus Bock : New Kreütter Bůch . Wendel Rihel, Strasbourg 1546, Part III, Chapter 35: Sebasten (digitized version ) .
  11. ^ Pietro Andrea Mattioli : Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de medica materia. Translation by Georg Handsch, edited by Joachim Camerarius the Younger , Johan Feyerabend, Franckfurt am Mayn 1586, sheet 91v – 92r: Sebesten (digitized version ) .
  12. ^ Pierre Pomet  : Histoire générale des drogues . Jean-Baptiste Loyson & Augustin Pillon Paris 1694, p. 212: Sebestes (digitized) .
  13. ↑ Nicolas Lémery  : Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples. , Paris 1699, p. 705: Sebesten (digitized version ) ; Translation. Complete material lexicon. Initially drafted in French, but now after the third edition, which has been enlarged by a large [...] edition, translated into high German / By Christoph Friedrich Richtern, [...]. Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Braun, 1721, Sp. 1030-1031: Sebesten (digitized version ) .
  14. ↑ Albrecht von Haller (editor): Onomatologia medica completa or Medicinisches Lexicon which explains all names and artificial words which are peculiar to the science of medicine and the art of pharmacy clearly and completely [...]. Gaumische Handlung, Ulm / Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1755, column 1214: Sebesten (digitized version ) .
  15. ^ William Cullen : A treatise of the materia medica. Charles Elliot, Edinburgh 1789. Volume I, p. 255 (digitized) . German. Samuel Hahnemann . Schwickert, Leipzig 1790. Volume I, p. 279 (digitized version) .
  16. ^ Jean-Louis Alibert : Nouveaux éléments de thérapeutique et de matière médicale. Crapart, Paris, 2nd edition 1808 Volume I, pp. 592-593: Sebestes (digitized) .