Cordioideae

Cordioideae
Cordia boissieri , blooming
Systematics
Eudicotyledons Nuclear eudicotyledons Asterids Euasterids I Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae) Subfamily : Cordioideae
Scientific name
Cordioideae
link

The subfamily of cordioideae belongs to the Borage Family (Boraginaceae) within the angiosperms (unranked).

description

Illustration of Cordia macleodii .

Vegetative characteristics

There are evergreen or deciduous subshrubs , shrubs , trees , rarely annual herbaceous plants or lianas . The alternate, rarely opposite, stalked or sessile foliage leaves are - as with most members of the Raublattgewächse family - clearly hairy in most species of the genus. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated, serrate, rarely lobed. There are no stipules.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are rarely single, but mostly in terminal or lateral, umbrella-clustered or sometimes doldy , spiked or spherical inflorescences , which usually have no bracts . The often fragrant flowers can be stalked or sessile. The radial symmetry , mostly hermaphroditic flowers are four to eight-fold, but mostly five-fold with double perianth . The species are seldom dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ). The mostly five sepals are usually fused tubular to bell-shaped. In many species, the sepals are durable and more or less envelop the ripe fruit. The mostly five, depending on the species, mostly white, rarely yellow or orange-red petals are fused together in a bell-shaped or tubular shape, with the coronet teeth spreading out or bent back. There is only one circle with mostly five stamens . The ruler stamens are often hairy at the base. The two carpels are a hairless, di- or vierkammerigen, upper permanent ovary fused and contain four orthotropic or anatrope, unitegmische ovules . Many species are heterostyle . The terminal style ends in a simple, two- or four-lobed scar.

The spherical, ellipsoidal or egg-shaped drupes each contain one to usually four seeds; in this subfamily there are only the exception Coldenia Klausen as with the other Boraginaceae. The embryo is curved.

The chromosome numbers are n = 9, 14-16, 19.

distribution

They have a mainly tropical distribution. This subfamily has its greatest biodiversity in the Neotropics .

Leaves and flowers of Coldenia procumbens .

Systematics

As early as 1893, Robert Louis August Maximilian Gürke divided the Boraginaceae family into four subfamilies: Boraginoideae , Heliotropioideae , Ehretioideae and Cordioideae. For some authors this also has the rank of a family Cordiaceae R.Br. ex dum. or the three to four genera are also assigned to other families / subfamilies of the Boraginaceae or former Boraginales family, for example the Ehretiaceae Mart. The name Cordioideae was first published in 1829 Heinrich Friedrich Link in Handbuch , 1, p. 569. Other synonyms for Cordioideae Link are Hoplestigmataceae Engler & Gilg and Sebestenaceae Ventenat.

The subfamily Cordioideae includes three to four genera with about 330 species:

• Coldenia ( Syn . : Lobophyllum F. Mueller): There is only one species:
  • Coldenia procumbens L .: It is an annual herbaceous plant with Klausen. The flower is fourfold. It occurs in Cambodia , China , India , Indonesia , Malaysia , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Thailand , Vietnam , Africa, Australia , North and South America.
• Cordia : With around 200 to 300 (up to 325) species, including genera with only one to three species each (valid species names): Auxemma ( Cordia gardneriana , Cordia glazioviana , Cordia oncocalyx ), Patagonula ( Cordia americana , Cordia incognita ). Some species are myrmecophilic . It has its greatest biodiversity in the Neotropics , especially on the Caribbean islands. (Sections: Cordia , Gerascanthus , Myxa , Physoclada , Pilicordia , Rhabdocalyx , Superbiflora )
• Saccellium Humb. & Bonpl .: Some authors also put these species in the genus Cordia .
  • For example Saccellium lanceolatum Humb. & Bonpl. and Saccellium brasiliense I.M.Johnst. : Central to Western Brazil.
• Varronia P.Browne: With more than 100 kinds, some authors put these kinds also to the genus Cordia .

photos

Cordia species:

• 

  Cordia amplifolia

• 

  Cordia sebestena

• 

  Cordia subcordata

• 

  Cordia superba

swell

• Description of the subfamily within the Boraginaceae family at APWesite. (Section description and systematics)
• Marc Gottschling: Phylogenetic Analysis of Selected Boraginales - A Validation study for a newly developed instrument to assess impairment in visuospatial orientation in a virtual reality , Dissertation 2003 at the FU-Berlin. (Section systematics and description)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ M. Gürke: Boraginaceae , In: A Engler, & K. Prantl (Ed.): The natural plant families , 4 (3a), Leipzig: Engelmann, 1893.
2. ↑ Boraginoideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
3. ↑ Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin: Boraginaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 16, p. 329 : Description of the genus Coldenia , p. 337 - Online.
4. ↑ Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin: Boraginaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 16, p. 329 : Description of the genus Cordia , p. 331 - Online.
5. ↑ Marc Gottschling & James S. Miller: Clarification of the taxonomic position of Auxemma, Patagonula, and Saccellium (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) , In: Systematic Botany , 31 (2), 2006, pp. 361-367.
6. ↑ James S. Miller & Marc Gottschling: Generic classification in the Cordiaceae (Boraginales): Resurrection of the genus Varronia P. Br. In: Taxon , 56 (1), 2007, pp 163-169.

Web links

Commons : Cordioideae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Description of the Ehretiaceae family, which contains these genera at DELTA. (engl.)
• Description of the Boraginaceae family in the forests of the Andes of Ecuador. (span.)