Cords

Cords
	Cordia boissieri
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Family :	Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily :	Cordioideae
Genre :	Cords
Scientific name
	Cordia
	L.

The Cordia are a genus of plants , rarely Germanized cordias, in the subfamily of the Cordioideae within the family of the predatory leaf family (Boraginaceae). The approximately 300 species are widespread in the tropics to subtropics of the New and Old World .

description

Illustration of Cordia macleodii

Vegetative characteristics

The Cordia styles are subshrubs , shrubs or trees . The alternate, rarely opposite leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. As with most members of the predatory family , the leaves of most Cordia species are clearly hairy. The leaf margin is smooth or serrate, rarely lobed. There are no stipules.

Generative characteristics

The zymous inflorescence is usually umbrella- shaped and has no bracts . The radial symmetry , mostly hermaphrodite flowers are four to eight, but mostly five. The sepals are fused tubular to bell-shaped. The petals are fused bell-shaped to tubular and are white, yellow or orange-red depending on the species. With the stamens , the stamens are often hairy at the base and there is only one stamen circle (so there are usually five stamens per flower). The two carpels are a hairless, di- or vierkammerigen, upper permanent ovary grown. Many species are heterostyle .

The spherical, ellipsoidal or egg-shaped drupes contain one to four seeds each. In some species the perianth is permanent and surrounds the fruit.

ecology

Some Cordia species serve as food plants for the larvae of some butterfly species such as Endoclita malabaricus .

Systematics and distribution

Cordia alliodora

Cordia dichotoma

Black breastberry ( Cordia myxa )

Cordia nodosa

Cordia pilosa

Cordia sebestena inflorescence and leaves

Flowers and underside of the leaves of Cordia subcordata

Flowers and leaves of Cordia superba

The genus Cordia was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Cordia honors the German medic and botanist Valerius Cordus (1515–1544). Synonyms for Cordia L. nom. cons. are: Acnadena Raf. , Ascania Crantz , Auxemma Miers , Bourgia Scop. , Calyptracordia Britton , Cerdana Ruiz & Pav. , Cienkowskya Regel & Rach , Coilanthera Raf. , Collococcus P.Browne , Cordiada Vell. , Diacoria Endl. , Ectemis Raf. , Firensia Scop. , Gerascanthus P.Browne , Gynaion A.DC. , Hemigymnia handle. , Hymenesthes Miers , Lithocardium Kuntze , Macielia Vand. , Macria Ten. , Montjolya Friesen , Myxa (Endl.) Lindl. , Novella Raf. , Paradigma Miers , Patagonula L. , Physoclada (DC.) Lindl. , Pilicordia (A.DC.) Lindl. , Piloisia Raf. , Plethostephia Miers , Quarena Raf. , Rhabdocalyx (A.DC.) Lindl. , Saccellium Humb. & Bonpl. , Salimori Adans. , Sebesten Adans. , Sebestena Boehm. , Topiaris Raf. , Toquera Raf.

The genus Cordia belongs to the subfamily Cordioideae within the Boraginaceae family . The Cordiaceae family was incorporated into the Boraginaceae family as a subfamily. Cordia used to be part of the Ehretiaceae family.

The genus Cordia has its greatest biodiversity in the New World . Some species are native to Africa and Asia . There are five species of the genus in China .

The Cordia genus includes 250 to 325 species (selection):

Cordia africana Lam. ( Syn .: Cordia abyssinica R.Br. , Cordia holstii Gürke ): It occurs from tropical Africa to southern Africa and in Yemen .
Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken (Syn .: Cerdana alliodora Ruiz & Pav. ): It iswidespreadfrom Mexico through Central America and on the Caribbean islands to South America . She is a neophyte in Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu and the Galapagos Islands.
Cordia bellonis Urb. : This endemic occurs only in Puerto Rico .
Cordia boissieri A.DC. : It occurs from Texas to Mexico.
Cordia cochinchinensis Gagnepain : It occurs in Thailand , Vietnam and Yaxian Xian in Hainan .
Cordia collococca L. (Syn .: Cordia glabra auct.): It iswidespreadfrom Mexico across Central America and on the Caribbean islands to northern and western South America.
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. (Syn .: Cordia verbenacea DC. , Varronia curassavica Jacq. ): It is widespread in the Neotropics. It is a neophyte in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Mauritius.
Cordia cymosa (Donn.Sm.) Standl. (Syn .: Cornutia cymosa Donn.Sm. ): It occurs in Guatemala , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru .
Cordia decandra Hook. & Arn. : It occurs in Chile .
Cordia dentata Poir. (Syn .: Cordia alba auct., Varronia alba auct.): It is widespread from Mexico across Central America and on the Caribbean islands to Colombia and Venezuela.
Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. (Syn .: Cordia blancoi Vidal , Cordia griffithii C.B.Clarke , Cordia Myxa auct non. L. , Cordia obliqua auct non. Willd. , Cordia suaveolens flower , Cordia subdentata Miq. ): It originates in tropical Asia, in China , on Taiwan , Japan , Australia and New Caledonia . She is a neophyte in Hawaii.
Ziricote ( Cordia dodecandra A.DC. , Syn .: Cordia angiocarpa A.Rich. ): It occurs in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize , Honduras and Cuba .
Cordia ecalyculata Vell. (Syn .: Cordia salicifolia Cham. ): It occurs in Brazil , Argentina and Paraguay .
Cordia elaeagnoides DC. : It occurs in Mexico.
Cordia francisci Ten.
Cordia furcans I.M.Johnston : It occurs in India , Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi , Hainan and Yunnan .
Cordia gerascanthus L .: It is distributed from Mexico across Central America and on the Caribbean islands to Colombia and Venezuela.
Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth (Syn .: Varronia globosa Jacq. ): It is distributed from Florida and Mexico via Central America and on the Caribbean islands to Venezuela and Ecuador.
Cordia goeldiana Huber : It occurs in French Guiana and Brazil.
Cordia grandifolia DC. : It occurs in Brazil.
Cordia Kanehirai Hayata : It occurs in Japan and Taiwan.
Cordia laevigata Lam. (Syn .: Cordia nitida Vahl ): It occurs on islands in the Caribbean.
Cordia leucosebestena Griseb. : It only occurs in Cuba.
Cordia linnaei Stearn (Syn .: Cordia lineata Roem. & Schult. , Lantana corymbosa L. , Varronia lineata L. ): It is distributed from Mexico via Central America and on the Caribbean islands to Colombia.
Cordia lutea Lam. : It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Cordia macleodii Hook. f. & Thomson : It occurs in India.
Cordia macrocephala (Desv.) Kunth (Syn .: Cordia polyantha Benth. , Varronia macrocephala Desv. ): It occurs in Ecuador and Peru.
Cordia millenii Baker : It occurs in tropical Africa.
Black breastberry ( Cordia myxa ) L .: It occurs in Iran , Pakistan and India.
Cordia nervosa Lam. : It occurs in French Guiana, Guiana , Suriname and Brazil.
Cordia obliqua Willd. (Syn .: Cordia tremula Griseb. ): It originally occurs in India.
Cordia panamensis L. Riley : It occurs in Mexico, Belize , El Salvador , Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Trinidad .
Cordia parvifolia A.DC. (Syn .: Cordia greggii Torr. ): It occurs in Mexico.
Cordia polycephala (Lam.) IMJohnst. (Syn .: Cordia corymbosa (Desv.) G.Don , Cordia monosperma (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. , Varronia corymbosa Desv. , Varronia monosperma Jacq. , Varronia polycephala Lam. ): It occurs on islands in the Caribbean, in northern South America, Colombia and Brazil.
Cordia rickseckeri Millsp. (Syn .: Cordia brachycalyx (Urb.) Urb. , Cordia sebestena var. Brachycalyx Urb. , Sebesten brachycalyx (Urb.) Britton ): It occurs in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands .
Cordia rupicola Urb. : This endemic occurs only in Puerto Rico.
Cordia Schomburgkii A.DC. (Syn .: Cordia tobaguensis Urb. , Cordia tobaguensis var. Broadwayi Urb. ): It occurs in northern South America, on Trinidad and Tobago and in Brazil.
Cordia sebestena L .: It occurs in Florida, Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Panama and on the Caribbean islands.
Cordia serratifolia Kunth : It occurs in southern Mexico.
Cordia sinensis Lam. (Syn .: Cordia gharaf Ehrenb. Ex Asch. , Cordia rothii Roem. & Schult. ): It occurs in Africa, Madagascar , Saudi Arabia , Israel , Jordan , Iran, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka .
Cordia subcordata Lam. : It is originally found in tropical Africa and Asia, on islands in the western Indian Ocean, in Indonesia , Malaysia , Hainan, in the Philippines and Solomon Islands , in New Guinea , Australia , on islands in the western and south-central Pacific. She is a neophyte in Hawaii.
Cordia sulcata DC. : It occurs on Caribbean islands.
Cordia superba Cham. : It occurs in Brazil.
Cordia taguahyensis Vell. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia .
Cordia tetrandra Aubl. : It occurs in northern and western South America and in Brazil.

The following species described in the genus Cordia are assigned to other genera:

Cordia poeppigii DC. → Guettarda dependens (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
Cordia retusa Vahl → Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam.

Cordia sebestena as an ornamental plant

use

Many Cordia species are popular ornamental plants in tropical to subtropical parks, gardens and avenues because of their fragrant, decorative flowers .

The fruits of some tropical species are edible. In India , fruits of native species are eaten raw, cooked or pickled as vegetables.

Wood is used by many other types:

Ziricote ( Cordia dodecandra ) from the Mexican lowlands provides a hard, rare tropical wood that is used as tonewood in musical instrument making.
Laurel, Pardillo ( Cordia alliodora ), medium-heavy, walnut-colored, from Central America.
Freijo ( Cordia goeldiana ), very similar to Laurel, from Brazil.
Bocote, Canalete, Solera ( Cordia gerascanthus ), heavy, decorative hardwood from SW Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia.
Geiger Tree ( Cordia sebestena ) from Florida
Louro preto ( Cordia glabrata ) from Brazil
Salimuli ( Cordia subcordata ) from Indonesia
Sandawa ( Cordia fragrantissima ) from Burma
Cordia africana
Mukumari, Ebe ( Cordia millenii )
Cordia platythyrsa from Africa

swell

Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl, Rudolf V. Kamelin: Boraginaceae. : Cordia , p. 331 - the same text online as the printed work In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 16 - Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 . (Section description)
Entry in the Western Australian Flora (FloraBase). (Section description)
Data sheet at the Flora Malesiana DataPortal .

Individual evidence

↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar Cordia in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl, Rudolf V. Kamelin: Boraginaceae. : Cordia , p. 331 - the same text online as the printed work In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 16 - Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 .
↑ Cordia sebestena (PDF; 168 kB), on hort.ifas.ufl.edu, accessed on November 16, 2016.
↑ Louro preto on gdholz.net , accessed on November 16, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Cordia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Datasheet for trees in the Andes of Ecuador. (span.)
Cordia entry at desert-tropicals.com accessed on April 28, 2007.

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Burkhardt2018-1] Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]

[GRIN-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar Cordia in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 19, 2017.

[FoC-3] Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl, Rudolf V. Kamelin: Boraginaceae. : Cordia , p. 331 - the same text online as the printed work In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 16 - Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 .

[4] Cordia sebestena (PDF; 168 kB), on hort.ifas.ufl.edu, accessed on November 16, 2016.

[5] Louro preto on gdholz.net , accessed on November 16, 2016.