Black-stemmed striped fern
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Black-stemmed striped fern ( Asplenium adiantum-nigrum ) |
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The black-stalked striped fern or black striped fern ( Asplenium adiantum-nigrum ) is a type of fern that grows mainly on primary rock. Their frond stalks are glossy black at the base.
Another common German-speaking name for Alsace is the name Frauenhaar.
description
The rhizome of the plants is short creeping to ascending, so that the fronds grow tufted to slightly grassy.
The length of the fronds including the stem is between 10 and 45 centimeters. The hibernating fronds are single pinnate in young ferns, two to three pinnate in older ones. They are shiny, bald, and leathery. They are triangular in outline and drawn out into a long point. Your stem is slightly shorter to twice as long as the blade. At least at the base of the stem is reddish black to dark brown. The lower pinnate sections are often slightly curved upwards. The last pinnate sections are rounded at the base, ovoid to oval in shape and at the front with pointed, sometimes prickly and forwardly curved teeth. (In the similar Asplenium onopteris , the teeth and the lower pinnate sections are significantly more curved upwards.)
The spores become ripe in July or August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 144.
Distribution and location requirements
It is a primarily Eurasian species that is distributed from the Azores and Canaries across Europe to East Asia. It is also found in North and East Africa, and rarely in North America .
In Germany the species is widespread in the western and southern areas, otherwise it is only very scattered.
The black striped fern grows on light to partially shaded rocks on lime-free rock, especially on primary rock. It is a character species of the Asplenietum septentrionalis-adianti-nigri from the association Androsacion vandellii.
Systematics
The following subspecies can be distinguished in Europe and the Mediterranean:
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. subsp. adiantum-nigrum
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. corunnense (H. Christ) Rivas-Mart. : It occurs in Portugal, Spain and Corsica.
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. onopteris (L.) Heufl. (Syn .: Asplenium onopteris L. ): It occurs in North Africa, Southern Europe, Southeast Europe, Western Asia and on the Azores, Canaries and Madeira. It occurs mainly in communities of the Quercion ilicis.
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. serpentini (exchange) hayl. (Syn .: Asplenium serpentini Tausch , Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. Cuneifolium (Viv.) Asch. ): It occurs in southern Europe, south-eastern Europe and in Central Europe. It is a character species of the Asplenietum serpentini from the association Asplenion serpentini.
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. woronowii (H. Christ) Fraser-Jenk. (Syn .: Asplenium woronowii H. Christ ): It occurs in Turkey, in the Caucasus region and in Transcaucasia.
swell
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Wolfgang Frey , Jan-Peter Frahm , Eberhard Fischer, Wolfram Lobin: Small cryptogam flora. Volume IV: The Moss and Fern Plants of Europe. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart / Jena / New York 1995, ISBN 3-437-30756-8 .
- Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth: Asplenium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 , pp. 240–241 (English, online at efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 49, online.
- ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 78 .
- ↑ a b c d e Christenhusz, M. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2013): Lycopodiophytina. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Asplenium adiantum-nigrum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Black-stemmed striped fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Black-stemmed striped fern . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Stripe fern data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
