Schwerinsburg (Ducherow)

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Schwerinsburg Palace (park side) around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

Schwerinsburg is a district of Ducherow . The place is about 12 km south of Anklam and 7 km southwest of Ducherow.

history

Schwerinsburg with Vorwerk (1880)

The early Slavic settlement chamber of the Peene area extended as far as the Schwerinsburg area . To the north of the place was an originally 2.8 hectare , now largely leveled Slavic rampart , which today bears the name "Bollwerder". The finds recovered there document a period of use from the early 9th century to around 1200. One of the outstanding finds is a Carolingian sword belt fitting from the late 8th century.

Schwerinsburg was first mentioned in 1251 as Comerowe and 1300 as Cummerow . The Slavic word interpretation goes back to "Mücke". At that time the place was about 800 meters west of the current village. This place has been archaeologically proven, it was already there in the Slavic times.

During the German eastward expansion, the Schwerine came to Western Pomerania shortly after 1230 and had secured extensive possessions in the area as locators, including here in Cummerow. But nothing of this settlement is visible above ground.

The Schwerine were in constant feud with the nearby town of Anklam in the Middle Ages, as parts of the family were active as robber barons and highwaymen. The Hanseatic city of Anklam saw its trade routes and possessions threatened and built the defense and watchtower "Hoher Stein" with the adjacent Landwehr, which still exists today, as protection against the Schwerine. The area south of this Landwehr was called the "Grafenwinkel" property of the von Schwerin family.

Until the 16th century, the place then called Cummerow or Kummerow was in the feudal possession of the lower aristocratic families Schwerin and Kaseke . Between 1514 and 1533 the entire village came into the possession of the von Schwerin family, first of the branch on Spantekow and later of the branch on Löwitz . From 1648 to 1720 Kummerow belonged to Swedish Pomerania and then came to Prussia with Old Western Pomerania .

In 1708, Kurt Christoph von Schwerin , who was in the Mecklenburg military service at the time, received part of Cummerow by dividing the estate with his brother Hans Bogislaw von Schwerin . By exchanging for several farms in Busow , he brought the entire place into his possession.

He had the manor village rebuilt about 1000 steps away from the previous location and between 1720 and 1733 a castle-like mansion was built as a three-wing complex. The place was at the opening ceremony of the magnificent palace by King in 1733 Frederick William I in Schwerinsburg renamed. The king said that the name "Kummerow" was too "puny" for the stately property.

Kurt Christoph von Schwerin had the Vorwerk Werder built as a sheep farm southeast of the village between 1747 and 1749 . After the death of the field marshal, the property came into the hands of his nephew Hans Bogislav Dettlov von Schwerin. In the 19th century it was owned by Count Victor von Schwerin (1814–1903). Around 1860 there were 275 residents in Schwerinsburg and 5 in Werder.

In 1895 the estate and with it the place received a connecting branch Schmuggerow-Schwerinsburg of the Kleinbahn Anklam-Gellendin-Uhlenhorst. This was part of the Mecklenburg-Pomerania Narrow Gauge Railway (MPSB). This railway existed as the most important means of transport in agriculture until 1945, when it was dismantled and transported to the USSR as reparation.

Schwerinsburg Castle was one of the most important and beautiful mansions in northern Germany. Towards the end of the Second World War , from 1942 onwards, among other things, the art assets of the city of Anklam and parts of the Szczecin Provincial Archives were stored here. The entire palace complex was destroyed by arson in 1945, only the basement rooms remained. Fortunately, the stored stocks and archive materials had been saved shortly beforehand by the Anklam teacher and archivist Scheel. The archive materials are now in the Greifswald State Archives.

Memorial to Kurt v. Schwerin von Bettkober - now the hall of the DHM

The sandstone statue of Field Marshal von Schwerin, created by the Berlin sculptor Heinrich Bettkober for Schwerinsburg Castle, has been preserved, was on site until 1950 after the war and was then handed over to the Greifswald Museum until the 1990s and is now standing after long disputes on loan from the von Schwerin family in the entrance hall of the German Historical Museum in Berlin .

During the GDR era, the palace park was partially sprawled out by an allotment garden, the park wall has been preserved in places. The remnants of the farm buildings were still in use during the LPG times, but have been heavily modified structurally.

After the windmill on the Butterberg had ceased operations in 1854, the steam-powered mill was built on the estate. On the western side there was a sheet metal chimney approx. 20 m high. In 1922/23 the mill received an electrical connection and the mill was operated with an electric motor. It worked as a flour mill until the 1950s. Until 1978 it was used as a grist mill. Next to the mill was the miller's house.

The previously independent municipality of Schwerinsburg was incorporated into Löwitz on June 13, 2004. On June 7, 2009 the place came with Löwitz to Ducherow.

Attractions

Schwerinsburg steam and motor mill
  • Manor , Wall and Schwerinsburg Park
  • Schwerinsburg cemetery with belfry
  • Remains of the Slavic ramparts of Schwerinsburg
  • Steam mill, later Schwerinsburg motor mill

Personalities

People who were born in Schwerinsburg

People who worked in Schwerinsburg

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part 2, Vol. 1, W. Dietze, Anklam-Berlin 1865, pp. 360-363 ( Google books ).
  • Hellmuth Bethe : Schwerinsburg Castle and Spantekow Castle . In: Monthly sheets of the society for Pomeranian history and antiquity . 53 (1939), pp. 139ff.
  • Manfred Niemeyer: East Western Pomerania. Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . S.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft, Michael Schirren: Traces of the Elites? For the systematic recording of finds using the example of prehistoric castle walls in the southern Peene region. In: Felix Biermann, Thomas Kersting, Anne Klammt (eds.): Social groups and social structures in the West Slavonic region. Beier and Beran, Langenweissbach 2013, pp. 211–219, here p. 217.
  2. ^ Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 22
  3. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part 2, Vol. 1, W. Dietze, Anklam-Berlin 1865, p. 347 ( Google books ).
  4. ↑ Schwerinsburg steam mill https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=177215&lang=de
  5. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2004
  6. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 2nd to December 31st, 2009


Coordinates: 53 ° 44 ′ 21 ″  N , 13 ° 40 ′ 42.5 ″  E