Long-leaved forest bird

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Long-leaved forest bird
Long-leaved forest bird (Cephalanthera longifolia)

Long-leaved forest bird
( Cephalanthera longifolia )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Neottieae
Sub tribus : Limodorinae
Genre : Forest bird ( Cephalanthera )
Type : Long-leaved forest bird
Scientific name
Cephalanthera longifolia
( L. ) Fritsch

The Langblättrige Waldvöglein or Schwertblättrige Waldvöglein ( Cephalanthera longifolia ) is a plant of the genus Waldvöglein ( Cephalanthera ) within the family of the Orchid Family (Orchidaceae).

description

The long-leaved forest bird is a perennial , herbaceous growing rhizome geophyte . The plant reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. The more or less two-line leaves are four to six times as long as they are wide and lanceolate to linear-lanceolate.

blossoms

The racemose inflorescence usually contains 8 to 25 flowers. The pure white flowers usually only open halfway. The upright lip has four to seven orange bars in front. The flowering period extends from May to July. The flowers are cross- pollinated and show only very little fruit set.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 32.

Sword-leaved forest bird ( Cephalanthera longifolia )

distribution

The distribution area of ​​the long-leaved forest bird stretches from North Africa to Central Europe and into the eastern Mediterranean and further to central China. It is absent almost everywhere in the Central European lowlands and only occurs sporadically in eastern Lower Saxony and western Mecklenburg. It rises in the low mountain ranges with calcareous or otherwise alkaline rock and in the Alps rarely above altitudes of 1200 meters. In the Allgäu Alps it occurs between Obertal and Engeratsgundsee in Bavaria up to 1650 m above sea level. According to Baumann and Künkele , the Alpine countries have the following altitude limits: Germany 10–1300 meters, France 1–1930 meters, Switzerland 200–1580 meters, Liechtenstein 445–1480 meters, Austria 300–1490 meters, Italy 75–1940 meters and Slovenia 20 –1490 meters. In Greece the species occurs up to 2000 meters above sea level, in the Himalayas up to 4000 meters above sea level.

In the Hunsrück it is found sporadically or in small populations.

The long-leaved forest bird thrives best on calcareous or alkaline, loose, humus-infused soils . As a location, this penumbra plant prefers dry forests and fringes, and more rarely meadows. It prefers deciduous forests and dry pine forests or bushes on dry grass . It prefers a sheltered location. The long-leaved forest bird is a character species of the lime-beech forests. According to Oberdorfer , it is a character species of the Querco-Fagetea class, but also occurs in companies of the Erico-Pinion association.

Taxonomy

Synonyms for Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch are: Serapias longifolia (L.) L. , Serapias helleborine var. Longifolia L. , Cephalanthera xiphophyllum Rchb.f.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Over 1600 species of plants . 2nd Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-09361-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Long-leaved forest bird. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  271 .
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cephalanthera - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 16, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 389.
  6. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 314. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8

Web links

Commons : Langblättriges Waldvöglein ( Cephalanthera longifolia )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files