Semirechensk Cossack Army
The Semiretschensker Cossack Army ( Russian : Семиреченское казачье войско) and the Semiretschensker Cossacks, were in the Seven Streams (Semiretschje) resident. The Cossack Army in 1867 in the fortress of Werny (now Alma-Ata ) with a wax hundred positioned and had the task of the borders within the Russian Empire against the Dzungars to monitor and secure later. It was later placed under the command of the Imperial Russian Army by a former irregular force . In 1920 the Semiretschensk Cossack army was disbanded.
history
The first Cossacks to settle in the area of the Seven Streams in the middle of the 17th century were Siberian Cossacks , who saw themselves as the successors of the famous Cossack leader and ataman Yermak Timofejewitsch (around 1525–1585). They extended the border line from the Urals via Siberia to the border of the Semiretchye and provided irregular troops to secure the border. With its expansion policy , the Russian Empire tried to expand its territories to the east and began in 1832 with the further settlement of Siberian Cossacks. The 100 voluntary families were committed for two years and received some privileges for this . Until 1839 the irregular troops of the Cossacks were equipped with rifles and artillery weapons and expanded to the size of the regiment . In the years 1846 to 1847, several attacks and border violations by nomads in the area of the Siebenstromland took place. The tsarist empire felt compelled to strengthen the border security forces and in 1846 incorporated the 8th Siberian Line Battalion into the Cossack army , this is also the official date of deployment. In 1847 it set up the 9th Siberian Cossack Regiment. At the same time, the Werny fortress was expanded and expanded to become the headquarters of the Cossack army. The influence of the tsarist empire in this area increased and led to an influx of Russians and Cossacks into this zone, Russia was interested in secure access to the Seven Rivers and increased its military activities. Especially under the reign of Alexander II (1818-1881), the settlements with financial and agricultural incentives were increased in the years 1855-1856. At the beginning of the reign of Alexander III. (1845–1894), in 1881, lived in the area of the Seven Rivers, besides Russians, about 20,000 Cossacks, 10,700 of whom were male, of which about 700 were in the service of the Cossack army. Their political and military leader was an ataman, and in 1888 they were placed under the governor-general of Turkestan . In 1894, during the reign of Nicholas II (1868–1917), the proportion of the Cossack population had grown to 26,000, spread over 19 villages and 15 stanizos . During the First World War all Semiretschensk Cossacks were used in a Cossack brigade , in 1916 the population had grown to 45,000 Cossacks.
After the October Revolution , leading Cossacks joined the fight against the Red Army , the White Army was defeated in the area of the Seven Rivers and was completely eliminated in 1920. The Cossack leaders and their allies were driven to Siberia. The last incumbent ataman of the Semiretschenk Cossack army was from 1919 to 1922 Major General Nikolai Petrovich Shcherbakov ( Russian : Щербаков Николай Петрович).
War campaigns
During the tsars' colonial policy in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan , the Cossack army fought on several fronts in conjunction with the Russian armed forces . In the First World War they were used in the campaigns in Central Asia . For their "heroic commitment", Cossack units have been awarded special flag ribbons "For bravery" several times .
Uniform and license plate
The troop color was purple , it was worn on the cap edges , the shoulder straps and as wide trouser strips . The basic color of the uniform was green, whereby the loose cut was based on the way the steppe Cossacks were worn. Officers wore silver epaulettes and pigtails , and some of the headgear consisted of high fur hats with purple-red fabric tops.
Web links
- СЕМИРЕЧЕНСКОЕ КАЗАЧЬЕ ВОЙСКО Войсковая летопись (Russian)
- Mikhail G. Tarasov. The Semirechye Cossacks in the Imperial Space of Russia (6/2013) (English)
Remarks
- ↑ Flag ribbon: (Cravatte du drapeau) is the name of an embroidered, often very valuable ribbon of silk, which is attached as an ornament hanging on the flag (note: troop flag) ... expresses respect for a regiment, its flag or flags with it to be honored. In: Carl Ad Loehr, Great War Dictionary or Encyclopedia of All Words and Matters Affecting the Field of War Studies for Militaries of All Armed Services ... Volume 1 of the Great War Dictionary or Encyclopedia of All Words and Matters Concerning the Field of War Studies, Publishing House Bensheimer, 1846, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , digitized July 27, 2010 [1]
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vladimir Proskurin, GENERAL MERCHANT AND THE FIRST realignments THE REGION TURKESTAN; The first werst in the steppe region [2] , page 129 ff, accessed on June 24, 2018
- ↑ АТАМАНЫ СЕМИРЕЧЕНСКОГО КАЗАЧЬЕГО ВОЙСКА (Atamans of the Semirechensk Cossack Army) [3]
- ^ Nikolai Petrovich Shcherbakov. In: ru: Щербаков, Николай Петрович