Senfrauke
| Senfrauke | ||||||||||||
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Senfrauke ( Eruca vesicaria ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Eruca | ||||||||||||
| Mill. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Eruca vesicaria | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Cav. |
The Senfrauke ( Eruca vesicaria ), it is also called like some other species of rocket, is the only plant species of the monotypical genus Eruca within the family of the cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae). It has been used as a crop for a long time .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Senfrauke grows as an annual herbaceous plant . Plant parts can be hairy smooth or rough to stiff. The upright stem is usually branched. The leaves that are basal or distributed on the stem can be stalked. The basal leaves are petiolate and the leaf blade is usually lyre-shaped and pinnate, rarely they are doubly divided or single. The stem leaves are sessile to at most short-stalked and the leaf blade is simple and toothed or pinnate.
Generative characteristics
The inflorescence , which is initially umbrella- shaped , later extends to a racemic fruit stand. The hermaphroditic flowers are four-fold with a double flower envelope (perianth). The four upright sepals are mostly elongated. The four broad, obovate, nailed petals are cream to yellow with dark brown to purple veins. The anthers are elongated to linear. There are four nectar glands. The ovary contains 10 to 50 ovules . The stylus is only rudimentary and the conical stigma is bilobed.
The squat fruit stalks are upright to ascending. The mostly linear to elongated pods have a round to square cross-section. The last segment does not contain a seed. The bald or rough to stiffly hairy valves have protruding veins. The replum is rounded and the membranous septum is fully formed. The seeds , arranged in two rows, are more or less spherical to egg-shaped. The seed surface is weakly reticulated and mucous when wet.
The basic chromosome number is x = 11, the chromosome number 2n = 22.
Occurrence
The Senfrauke is originally from the Macaronesian Islands across southern and southeastern Europe as well as northern, eastern and southern Africa . Furthermore, the distribution area extends from the Middle East to Central Asia . In southern Europe it occurs in societies of the Hordeion association from the class of the Chenopodietea.
Systematics
This species was in 1753 under the name Brassica vesicaria by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, page 668 first published . It was put in 1802 by Antonio José Cavanilles in Descripción de las Plantas , page 426 in the genus Eruca . The generic name Eruca was first published in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... , 4th Edition, Volume 1. A synonym for Eruca is Velleruca Pomel. The botanical genus name Eruca is derived from the Latin word uro for burning and refers to the burning taste of the seeds.
The genus Eruca Mill. Belongs to the tribe Brassiceae in the family Brassicaceae . Many Eruca species have been published, but only one species name is valid.
In the genus Eruca there is only the species Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. with two subspecies:
- Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. vesicaria
- Garden mustard ( Eruca vesicaria subsp. Sativa (Mill.) Thellung ): It is a common cultivated plant also known as rocket .
swell
- Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Eruca , p. 455 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 . (Systematics and description of the genus and species)
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. : Eruca , p. 24 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 . (Systematics and description of the genus and species)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 440 .
- ↑ Details for: Eruca . In: The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, accessed on February 17, 2012 (English, after K.Marhold (2011): Brassicaceae).
- ↑ Eruca in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
