Sergei Alexejewitsch Chaplygin

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Sergei Alexeyevich Tchaplygin ( Russian Сергей Алексеевич Чаплыгин ., Scientific transliteration Sergei Alekseevic Čaplygin ; born March 24 . Jul / 5. April  1869 greg. In Ranenburg , † 8. October 1942 in Novosibirsk ) was a Soviet aerodynamics.

Tschaplygin was a student of Nikolai Yegorowitsch Zhukovsky and eventually co-founded the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI). Tschaplygin headed a chair there and became scientific director of the ZAGI after Zhukovsky's death.

In 1901 Tschaplygin was able to considerably simplify an integrable case of the gyro theory found by Dmitri Nikanorowitsch Goryachev in 1899 . Since then the top has been called the Goryachev-Chaplygin top .

Tschaplygin's 1902 work on gas flows was one of the essential foundations for research into gas dynamics . His experiments in currents in the high subsonic range were confirmed in the 1930s by the emerging fast airplanes.

1905–1918 Chaplygin was director of the Moscow Higher Courses for Women and, after the October Revolution, rector of the Second Moscow State University, which emerged from the Higher Courses for Women (1918–1919).

From 1929 Chaplygin was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . Shortly before his death in 1941 he was honored with the Order of Hero of Socialist Labor .

In 1970 the moon crater Chaplygin was named after him. The asteroid (4032) Chaplygin , discovered on October 22, 1985, has been named after him since 1994. His hometown Ranenburg has been called Tschaplygin since 1948 . The Russian Academy of Sciences has awarded the Chaplygin Gold Medal for outstanding achievements in the field of theoretical mechanics since 1995.

literature

  • N. Ogarkow and others: Sovetskaja wojennaja enziklopedija: "Tashkent" - Jatscheika strelkowaja . Wojenisdat, Moscow 1978, pp. 443-444. (Russian)
  • N. Issanin: Morskoi enziklopeditscheski sprawotschnik: Tom 2 . Sudostrojenije, Leningrad 1986, pp. 409-410. (Russian)

Web links

Commons : Sergei Alexejewitsch Tschaplygin  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ P. van Moerbeke, Goryachev-Chaplygin top, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer
  2. ↑ Eugene Leimanis: The General Problem of the Motion of Coupled Rigid Bodies about a Fixed Point . Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1965, ISBN 978-3-642-88414-6 , p. 92 ff ., doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-88412-2 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed on March 21, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Chaplygin (moon crater) in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature of the IAU (WGPSN) / USGS
  4. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 24121
  5. ^ S. A. Chaplygin Gold Medal. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed June 24, 2018 (Russian).
personal data
SURNAME Tschaplygin, Sergei Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Чаплыгин, Сергей Алексеевич (Russian); Čaplygin, Sergej Alekseevič
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet aerodynamicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Ranenburg
DATE OF DEATH October 8, 1942
Place of death Novosibirsk