Serra dos Órgãos National Park

Serra dos Órgãos National Park

The Serra dos Órgãos (Organ Pipes Mountains or "Organ Mountains") is a Brazilian national park in the state of Rio de Janeiro near Teresópolis , also in the area of ​​the cities of Petrópolis , Magé and Guapimirim . It was the third national park that Brazil designated and was established on November 30, 1939. The park covers an area of ​​110 km² and is known for its suddenly rising rock peaks. With altitudes between 1500 and 2200 m, they are among the highest points in the country, the area of ​​which is at an average altitude of 145 m.

geography

The Serra dos Órgãos National Park is located about 20 km northwest of Rio de Janeiro at the northern end of the Guanabara Bay . From a geological point of view, the fantastic rock formations of the Serra dos Órgãos, which from a distance resemble huge organ pipes in a church or the fingers of a hand, are the erosion-exposed tips of a gigantic, mushroom-shaped deep rock body ( batholith ) made of gneiss and granite .

Crystallization times of approx. 570 million years measured on rock samples from the Serra dos Órgãos indicate that these rock melts are the result of tectonic faults in the earth's crust as part of the last major thermotectonic event in the genesis of the Atlantic shield, the so-called "Brasiliano event" The end of the Precambrian .

Today these rock formations offer mountaineers from all over the world excellent climbing and hiking opportunities. The southwest face of Pedra do Sino , the highest point of the Serra dos Órgãos at 2,263 m, is considered to be one of the most difficult climbing routes in Brazil. But there are also numerous trekking options, such as B. the classic 30 km long "Travessía" from Petrópolis to Teresópolis . It leads across the Serra dos Órgãos. However, the inspection must be coordinated with the administration of the national park, as this path is closed to the general public. The lush vegetation of the Atlantic mountain rainforest ( Mata Atlântica ) extends up to 1,800 m , above which begins an almost vegetation-free zone, in which there is no protection from wind and weather and where temperatures drop significantly at night.

The highest mountains include:

• Dedo de Deus (1,692 m)
  

  Dedo de Deus - finger of God
• Escalavrado (1,300 m)
• Dedo de Nossa Senhora (1,320 m)
• Nariz do Frade (1,980 m)
• Pedra do Papudo (2,234 m)
• Pedra do Açu (2,236 m)
• Pedra do Sino (2,275 m)

At the park entrance in a suburb of Teresópolis is the Museu Martius, which was founded in honor of the German botanist and researcher Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius .

and display information about the image

Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos as seen from the top of Morro do Elefante in Teresópolis

fauna

There are over 3,600 different types of flora and fauna in the park, including wild cats, snakes, and rare birds.

history

The park was the third national park founded by Brazil, it was established on November 30, 1939.

In 2014, around 4,000 hectares of forest around Petrópolis burned down.

In 2019, in addition to the forest fires in the entire Amazon basin , forest fires also raged in southern Brazil around Petrópolis and in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park.

Web links

• Tourism Office ( Memento from July 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
• Serra dos Órgãos
• Map of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos ( Memento from December 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Brazil: Forest fire destroys almost 4,000 hectares of land . In: Spiegel Online . October 18, 2014 ( spiegel.de [accessed August 27, 2019]).
2. ↑ Incendios Florestais em Petrópolis, na Região Serrana, destroem 2.6 mil hectares em dec dias. In: globo.com. O Globo , October 16, 2014, accessed August 27, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
3. ↑ Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos abre inscrições para brigadistas. In: globo.com. G1 , March 20, 2019, accessed August 27, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 

Coordinates: 22 ° 29 ′  S , 43 ° 3 ′  W