Rhapontic rhubarb
| Rhapontic rhubarb | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhapontic rhubarb ( Rheum rhaponticum ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Rheum rhaponticum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Rhapontic rhubarb ( Rheum rhaponticum ), also called Siberian rhubarb or Bulgarian rhubarb , is a species of plant that belongs to the genus rhubarb ( rheum ) within the knotweed family (Polygonaceae). It is native to southern Norway and southern Siberia and is used as a medicinal plant.
description
The Rhapontik rhubarb grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 1.2 to 1.5 meters. The leaves are basal and distributed on the stem. The lower leaves have long petioles, which are furrowed at the bottom and round, egg-shaped leaf blades with a slightly wavy leaf margin. The upper leaves have short petioles and oblong, ovate leaf blades.
The flowering period extends from May to June. The bracts do not cover the flowers. The perianth is greenish. The egg-shaped nuts are sanded on both sides.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Occurrence, history and etymology
The rhapontic rhubarb ( Rheum rhaponticum ) occurs in southern Norway and southern Siberia. Southwestern Bulgaria is also given as home. The introduction of the rhapontic rhubarb from areas on the Black Sea (= Pontus) explains the name Radix pontica or rhapontikum of the drug and the specific epithet rhaponticum . It is possible that this rhubarb species has also feral from cultivation.
Taxonomy
The first publication of Rheum rhaponticum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . Rheum rhaponticum Herder is a homonym . The name Rheum rhaponticum auct. was mistakenly often used in the sense of cultivated rhubarb ( Rheum × hybridum Murray ).
Medical importance
Phytoestrogens from the natural hydroxystilbene group of substances, which have an estrogen-like effect in humans (SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator ), are found in the roots of the Rhapontik rhubarb . Preparations from Rheum rhaponticum are used to treat menopausal symptoms.
The root extract contains rhaponticin, deoxyrhaponticin, rhapontigenin and deoxyrhapotigenin. Rhapontik rhubarb does not contain laxative anthraquinones (like other types of rhubarb). The active ingredients bind to the estrogen receptors in the human body , which act as switching points for the transmission of the estrogen effect. By activating these receptors, menopausal symptoms are relieved.
The peculiarity of Rhapontik rhubarb is that, according to studies, the active ingredients only dock on the beta-estrogen receptor and do not activate the alpha-estrogen receptor. In contrast, the synthetic hormones in hormone replacement therapy also activate the alpha receptor, which triggers the known side effects of hormone therapy.
application
Siberian rhubarb is available as a pharmacy-only finished drug with rhapontic rhubarb root dry extract (designation ERr 731).
swell
literature
- Rudolf Fritz Weiss (welcomed), Volker Fintelmann : Textbook of phytotherapy. 10th edition. Hippokrates-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8304-5243-8 .
- Rudolf Hänsel, Konstantin Keller, Horst Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.): Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice. 6. Drugs P-Z. 5th edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1994, ISBN 3-540-52639-0 , pp. 411–439, limited preview in the Google book search (section description).
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 17th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3573-6 .
- ^ Rheum rhaponticum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b Rheum rhaponticum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 371, digitized .
- ^ Rheum rhaponticum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Nicole Krafczyk: Isolation, structure elucidation and properties of polyphenolic compounds from Aspalathus linearis and Rheum rhaponticum. Dissertation Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg 2008, p. 6ff. Secondary ingredients of rhubarb. (PDF file; 761 kB).
- ↑ Ilona Hasper, Boris M. Ventskovskiy, Reinhard Rettenberger, Peter W. Heger, David S. Riley, Marietta Kaszkin-Bettag: Long-term efficacy and safety of the special extract ERr 731 of Rheum rhaponticum in perimenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. In: menopause . Volume 16, No. 1, pp. 117-131, PMID 18978638 .
- ↑ Jannette Wober, Frank Möller, Tobias Richter, Catharina Unger, Carmen Weigt, Anett Jandausch, Oliver Zierau, Reinhard Rettenberger, Marietta Kaszkin-Bettag, Günter Vollmer: Activation of estrogen receptor-β by a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731® ), its aglycones and structurally related compounds. In: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Volume 107, No. 3–5, 2007, pp. 191–201, PMID 17692514 , DOI: 10.1016 / j.jsbmb.2007.04.002 .
further reading
- Günter Vollmer, Anja Papke, Oliver Zierau: Treatment of menopausal symptoms by an extract from the roots of rhapontic rhubarb: the role of estrogen receptors. In: Chinese Medicine. Volume 5, 2010, p. 7, doi : 10.1186 / 1749-8546-5-7 (English, brief description of the content: Treatment of climacteric complaints with an extract from the rhapontic rhubarb root : the role of the estrogen receptors).
