Siegfried von Sivers

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Siegfried Johann Arthur von Sievers (born May 9 . Jul / 21st May  1887 greg. In Randen , Livonia , † 2. November 1956 in Tegernsee ) was a Baltic German activist, physician and writer .

Life

Childhood and youth

Siegfried von Sivers was the youngest of seven children of the Baltic landlord and magistrate in Dorpat Ernst Frommhold von Sivers (1843–1907) and his wife Ewa Elisabeth von Transehe (1846–1914). The family von Sivers possessed in those days to Russia belonging Baltic extensive possessions and had to Russian Revolution in 1917 considerable influence on the politics and economy of the Baltic provinces.

Sivers attended the grammar school in Goldingen ( Latvian Kuldīga ) and the XI. City high school in St. Petersburg . He studied medicine at the University of Dorpat (Estonian Tartu ) from 1907 to 1913 , during which time he joined the Baltic Corporation Livonia Dorpat .

On August 6, 1913 Sivers married in Pussen (Latvian Puze ) near Windau (Latvian Ventspils ) the landowner's daughter Margarethe Aline Freiin von Seefeld (1885-1941), the only son born in 1915 died at a young age.

From 1913 he worked at the Surgical University Clinic Dorpat as a volunteer assistant under Werner Zoege von Manteuffel .

First World War and role in the Baltic German movement

From 1914 to 1918 he was a military doctor in the Russian army during World War I. From 1919 to 1920 he took part as a doctor in the Baltic Army, among other things, in the fighting around Riga , in which he was seriously wounded on May 22, 1919.

He had to emigrate to the German Reich and after various activities in 1922 accepted a position as a teacher at the Baltic School in Miedzyzdroje . Like many other teachers at this school, Sivers became a member of the Association of Founders of the Order ("Organization X"), in which Baltic German emigrants sought to create an order-like community, the Baltic Brotherhood . In 1922 Siegfried von Sivers took over the post of statutory guardian and judge in the association of the founders of the order. The statutory guardian was the only one who maintained the connection between the association management and the members.

Sivers held an influential position among the Baltic Germans, so he made a speech on the Baltic Day in 1924 on the 5th anniversary of the Battle of Riga. For the 5th Baltic Youth Day in Międzyzdroje in 1930, Sivers wrote the traditional festival poem, which for the Baltic Germans had been part of every prominent celebration since the anniversary celebrations at the end of the 18th century. In 1929 Sivers was one of the founding members of the Baltic Brotherhood. He was elected shop steward by the Brotherhood Convention in 1929 and 1932. From 1929 to 1930 he headed the family department and from 1931 to 1936 the judicial department of the Chapter of the Baltic Brotherhood.

Sivers had been a member of the NSDAP since 1933 , and membership in the SA is documented.

In 1936 the Baltic Brotherhood had to disband after a legally failed but politically successful maneuver by Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler against its leading brother, SS-Obersturmbannführer Otto von Kursell .

Doctor and writer

Sivers continued his medical studies from 1922 at the University of Greifswald , since the Russian training as a doctor was not recognized in Germany. In 1926 he was appointed doctor and his doctoral thesis was published in 1927. He first settled as a doctor in Grieben (Elbe) near Tangerhütte . In 1935 he opened a practice in Berlinchen (Neumark) (now Polish: Barlinek ) in eastern Brandenburg.

In 1932 his first fiction work "Experienced, Heard, Seen. Baltic Sketches" appeared , in which his strong ties to his Baltic homeland became apparent.

In 1936 Sivers published the art book "Our daily bread. The life story of rye" together with the Bauhaus student Hans Haffenrichter . Sivers and Haffenrichter set out to depict the growth cycle of rye using the available scientific knowledge of the time in an artistic-mystical symbiosis of text and image.

The book was added to the list of literature to be sorted out in the Soviet Zone in 1946 . The agricultural scientist Heinz Haushofer rated the book in 1957 as a "scientifically flawless, poetically lively text" with color plates, "which are among the most beautiful of agricultural literature that had been recreated since the illuminated copper engravings of the 18th century". In 2009, however, the pianist and music journalist Herbert Henck certified the book by Sivers and Haffenrichter that it "lacks any distance to the ideas of National Socialism". Haffenrichter himself remembered the creation of the book in 1976 as one of the four important creative phases of his life and characterized Sivers as "a very good biologist [...] who also taught me spiritually the secrets of growth, assimilation and fertilization".

Sivers presented the intention and history of the appearance of our daily bread in a further article in the publishing almanac.

After the Second World War

On February 20, 1945 Siegfried von Sivers was arrested during a doctor's consultation after Berlin was taken by Soviet troops. He was brought to the NKVD camp in Schwiebus (today Świebodzin in Polish ) and was given the position of camp doctor. The Schwiebus camp was a transit camp, from which one or two transports of 1,000 to 2,000 German civilians each went to the labor camps in the Soviet Union. His report "The prison camp in Schwiebus" , published in 16 parts from 1953, is a unique source of information on the history of the NKVD camp in Schwiebus.

End of August 1945 drove the line of the special camp Schwiebus together with 84 generally ill prisoners, among them Siegfried of Sievers, in a freight train after Miihlberg / Elbe to there on the grounds of the former POW camp Stalag IV B Soviet special bearings no. 1 Miihlberg to erect . Sivers took over the construction of a provisional hospital with other doctors and then headed one of the two wards together with Wolfgang von Nathusius . Later he worked on the ward for the deadly deficiency diseases edema and dystrophy in large numbers . On October 20, 1947, Sivers was released from Special Camp No. 1 in Mühlberg.

In August 1948 Sivers moved to Detmold .

In 1949 he published a selection of smuggled poems on scraps of cloth under the title "Raise the Eye" . The historian Andreas Weigelt, who in 2010 designed a traveling exhibition under the same title on artistic testimony from Soviet special camps , saw in Sivers book an "extraordinary contribution to the coming to terms with the Soviet camps [...] that went almost unnoticed".

In the last years of his life, Sivers lived withdrawn in Detmold. There is an abundance of unpublished poems, short stories, fairy tales and essays. Ornate inlay work made by him has been handed down.

Siegfried von Sivers died on November 2, 1956 during a short stay in Tegernsee , where he is also buried.

Works

  • The velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord . Verlag Girgensohn, Berlin, 1927. OCLC 459609621
  • What has been experienced, heard, seen. Baltic sketches . Wölund Verlag, Leipzig, 1932. OCLC 253087320
  • Our daily bread. Life story of rye. Essen publishing house, 1936, illustrations: Hans Haffenrichter . OCLC 253087682
  • Look up. (PDF; 5.6 MB) o. O., 1949. OCLC 72274680
  • The prison camp in Schwiebus , a continuation report in 16 parts, printed in Our Brandenburg Homeland: Bulletin of the Landsmannschaft Ostbrandenburg-Neumark in the Berlin National Association of Expellees. , 1953/54. ISSN  0566-2648

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Estonian State Archives: EAA.1674.2.182, p.24
  2. ↑ a b c d Estonian State Archives: EAA.1674.2.182, p. 25
  3. ↑ Transehe - Roseneck: Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knights , Görlitz 1929, p. 302 ff.
  4. ^ A b Otto von Kursell : Siegfried von Sivers in memoriam. , Baltic Letters, February 1957, p. 15.
  5. ↑ a b c Gert von Pistohlkors : The "Baltic School" and the "Baltic Sea Boarding School Dune Castle" in Misdroy / Pomerania 1919 to 1945 target group and center of a "homeland-loyal community" . In: Michael Garleff (Ed.): Baltic Germans, Weimar Republic and Third Reich. Volume 2. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-12299-7 .
  6. ↑ Brief description of the history of the Baltic Brotherhood ( Memento of the original from January 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by the Brotherly Circle , today's successor organization. Retrieved February 7, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bruederlicher-kreis.de
  7. ↑ Heinrich von Baer: My experience of brotherhood. Records from 1979. BoD Books on Demand, 2012, p. 37, p. 49 and p. 54. ISBN 978-3-844-81727-0
  8. ↑ SvS (Siegfried von Sivers): The 22nd of May in Misdroy. In: Baltische Blätter, 1924, June 1st, p. 89.
  9. ^ Siegfried von Sivers: Prologue for the 5th Baltic Youth Convention. In: Baltische Blätter 1930. 1./15. July. P. 581.
  10. ^ A b Bastian Filaretow: The Baltic Brotherhood - Against the Zeitgeist? . In: Michael Garleff (Ed.): Baltic Germans, Weimar Republic and Third Reich. Volume 2. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-12299-7 , p. 38 f.
  11. ↑ a b Federal Archives BA (BDC) -RÄK / R 9345.
  12. ^ Siegfried von Sivers: The velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord , Verlag Girgensohn, Berlin, 1927.
  13. ^ Siegfried Johann von Sivers: Experienced, Heard, Seen. Baltic sketches. Leipzig, Wölund-Verlag, 1932.
  14. ↑ Haffenrichter was professor for art and craft education at the Pedagogical Academy in Elbing until 1933 and was then banned from working by the National Socialists. See Haffenrichter's short biography in the Pabst Collection.
  15. ↑ Sivers was familiar with the subject because his grandfather had bought Gut Alt-Kusthof (Estonian: Vana-Kuuste ) with the agricultural training institute in 1838 and the family at least continued to breed rye. Cf. Graf Berg-Sagnitz: Meine Roggenzüchtung , D. landw. Presse, XIX, 1892, p. 957.
  16. ^ German administration for popular education in the Soviet zone of occupation: List of the literature to be sorted out. Transcript letter S , Berlin, Zentralverlag, 1946, No. 11147.
  17. ↑ Sigmund von Frauendorfer, Heinz Haushofer : History of ideas in agriculture and agricultural policy in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: From World War I to the Present. , Bayerischer Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1957, pp. 151–152.
  18. ^ Herbert Henck : Hermann Heiss 1897-1966: Supplements to a biography. , BoD - Books on Demand, 2009, p. 201 ff.
  19. ↑ Hans Haffenrichter: Where do the pictures come from. Thoughts on art and meditation. Edited by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in the Richard L. Cary series, Sensen-Verlag Ernst Schwarcz, Vienna, 1976. External web link to the text at www.haffenrichter.com, accessed on February 9, 2013.
  20. ↑ Siegfried von Sivers: The Song of Songs from daily bread , In: Essener Almanach. First edition., Essener Verlagsanstalt, 1936, p. 49 ff.
  21. ↑ a b Siegfried von Sivers: The prison camp in Schwiebus , continuation report in 16 parts, printed in our Märkische Heimat , from No. 23 of December 1, 1953 ff. Excerpts reproduced in: Freya Klier : Abducted to the end of the world. Fate of German women in Soviet camps. , Berlin, Ullstein, 1996, ISBN 3548332366 , pp. 169-173.
  22. ^ A b c Achim Kilian : Mühlberg 1938–1948: A prison camp in the middle of Germany. Böhlau, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-412-10201-6 , p. 241 ff.
  23. ↑ In: Federal Ministry for Displaced Persons (editor): Documentation of the expulsion of Germans from East Central Europe, The expulsion of the German population from the areas east of the Oder-Neisse, Volume I / 2, 1953, p.61 is on the "very factual and detailed description of " the conditions in the NKVD camp Schwiebus by the German camp doctor S. von Sivers and announced a publication of his report by the Federal Ministry. But that never happened.
  24. ↑ Achim Kilian: Instruct for complete isolation. NKVD special camp Mühlberg / Elbe 1945–1948. 3rd expanded edition. Forum Verlag, Leipzig 2000, ISBN 3-86151-028-6 , p. 90.
  25. ↑ Achim Kilian: Instruct for complete isolation. NKVD special camp Mühlberg / Elbe 1945–1948. 3rd expanded edition. Forum Verlag, Leipzig 2000, ISBN 3-86151-028-6 , p. 241.
  26. ↑ Nadja Voigt: Many people should see documents. in: Märkische Oderzeitung from September 14, 2009, accessed on February 9, 2013.
  27. ^ Andreas Weigelt: Chronicle of the Initiativgruppe Lager Mühlberg e. V. , Initiativgruppe Lager Mühlberg eV (Ed.), 2010. p. 26.
  28. ^ Biography of Siegfried von Sivers (PDF; 1.3 MB) on the Mühlberg camp website, accessed on March 10, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Sivers, Siegfried von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sivers, Siegfried Johann Arthur von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Baltic German activist, doctor and writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 21, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Randen , Livonia
DATE OF DEATH November 2, 1956
Place of death Tegernsee