Hans Haffenrichter

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Hans Haffenrichter (born August 31, 1897 in Würzburg ; died February 22, 1981 in Prien am Chiemsee ) was a German painter and sculptor .

Life

Hans Haffenrichter was the son of a book printer. After leaving school, he began an apprenticeship as a mechanic in the workshops of the University of Würzburg . He was a wanderer and initially studied at the Nuremberg Art School . At the suggestion of Wilhelm Uhde , he went to the Bauhaus in Weimar in 1921 , where he studied painting, sculpture with Oskar Schlemmer and stage work with Lothar Schreyer . He was then a student of Einar Utzon-Frank in Copenhagen for two years and a guest at the Royal Danish Academy of Art . He became a member of the Deutscher Werkbund and took part in an exhibition at Herwarth Walden's in the Sturm Gallery in Berlin in 1923. His first publication was 16 picture panels in an edition of the Cherubinischen Wandersmann by Angelus Silesius in 1924. From 1927 he headed the free art school “Der Weg” founded by Edmund Kesting in Berlin and in 1931 received a professorship for art and craft education at the Pedagogical Academy in Elbing .

After the transfer of power to the National Socialists , Haffenrichter was dismissed from civil service in September 1933 due to Section 2 of the Professional Civil Servants Act (lack of previous education or other aptitude). Haffenrichter was not subject to any professional ban during the Nazi era , but was accepted into the Reichskunstkammer , in whose membership directory for sculptors he was still listed as "Professor Hans Haffenrichter" for Berlin in 1943, and he was a member of the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur . He was able to work as a freelance painter and sculptor in his studio in Berlin and received orders for portrait busts from NSDAP leaders, such as Adolf Hitler and Hermann Göring . The bronze bust of Field Marshal General Hermann Göring was shown in the July 1940 issue of the magazine Die Kunst im Deutschen Reich . Haffenrichter exhibited three sculptures by Haffenrichter at the Great German Art Exhibitions in the Haus der Kunst in 1939, three in 1941 and one in 1943. In 1935 he made a bust of Heinrich Schütz . At least these photographs of sculptures have survived as postcard motifs: The Führer , Reichsmarschall Göring , Eurydice , Sitting Bear , Klang , Johann Sebastian Bach , Riemenschneider , Mozart , Am Ziel , snow leopard , runner , archer , pugilist , sea ​​eagle , lioness with cubs , swordtail , Sitting Jaguar , Lying Leopard , Horses . He commissioned 87 bronze works from the Berlin foundry Hermann Noack . An evaluation of the art exhibitions of German contemporary art between 1933 and 1945, for which a catalog with the participating artists has been preserved, shows that Haffenrichter was involved in 15 exhibitions in Berlin, Dresden and Halle between 1935 and 1943 in addition to the GDK. In addition, in June 1942 the Mainfränkischer Kunstverein in Würzburg showed him and Johannes Boehland under the title watercolors and drawings by Haffenrichter and Joh. Boehland .

Gravesite of the Haffenrichter family, Fraueninsel cemetery

In 1936 Haffenrichter brought out the art book "Our daily bread. Life story of rye" together with the German Baltic doctor Siegfried von Sivers . Sivers and Haffenrichter set out to depict the growth cycle of rye using the available scientific knowledge of the time in an artistic-mystical symbiosis of text and image. The book was added to the list of literature to be sorted out in the Soviet Zone in 1946 . The agricultural scientist Heinz Haushofer rated the book in 1957 as a "scientifically flawless, poetically lively text" with color plates, "which are among the most beautiful of agricultural literature that had been recreated since the illuminated copper engravings of the 18th century". In 2009, however, the pianist and music journalist Herbert Henck certified the book by Sivers and Haffenrichter that it "lacks any distance to the ideas of National Socialism". Haffenrichter himself remembered the creation of the book in 1976 as one of the four important creative phases of his life.

During the war years 1943/44, Haffenrichter worked as a compulsory scientific draftsman at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry in the visualization of atomic and molecular structures.

Conversely, whether Haffenrichter's works from the time of the Weimar Republic were confiscated as degenerate and shown at the “ Degenerate Art ” exhibition cannot be verified in the database maintained by the Free University of Berlin or in the later documentation of the exhibition. Haffenrichter is not represented in the 1941 list of confiscated degenerate art, which at that time lists 18,000 objects. According to the information provided by the director of the Städtische Galerie Würzburg Marlene Lauter in 2010 in the AKL article for Haffenrichter, this was the case: "In 1937 works by H. were shown at the defamatory exhibition 'Degenerate Art' in Munich". Also in 2011 she told the Würzburger Main-Post that port judges had been banned from practicing their profession .

After the end of the war, Haffenrichter worked as an art teacher at a US Army school in Heidelberg and between 1949 and 1952 he headed the wall painting department at the Werkkunstschule Wiesbaden . In 1955 and 1956 he received orders for three glass mosaics for the Mineralogical-Petrological Institute and Museum of the University of Bonn . His interest in scientific and technical processes secured him orders from industry. He also created glass windows and glass mosaics for the Hamburgische Electricitäts-Werke on topics relating to electricity and in 1961 for the Rheinisch-Westfälische Elektrizitätswerk in Essen . In 1961 he moved to Hittenkirchen on the Chiemsee . The Städtische Galerie Würzburg dedicated a retrospective to him in 1974. It was not until 2011 in Würzburg that it was understood to what extent Haffenrichter profited from the sculptural commissions from the National Socialist leadership, which until then had covered up "the euphemistic representations by R. Linnenkamp, ​​M. Lauter and KL Weiner" ( Herbert Henck ).

Haffenrichter's first marriage to Marie Elisabeth, née Thiele, had two daughters. After the divorce he married the singer Ursula Lohse (1905–1971).

On March 24, 2019, an episode of the NDR's Lieb & Teuer program was broadcast, moderated by Janin Ullmann and filmed in Reinbek Castle . In it, a watercolor by Haffenrichters entitled Birth of the Flower from 1923 was discussed with the painting expert Barbara Guarnieri .

Writings / exhibition catalogs (selection)

  • Angelus Silesius : Cherubinian Wanderer: The “witty senses u. Closing rhymes ”in terms of content. 16 plates by Hans Haffenrichter. Afterword by Walter Ehrenstein . Falken-Verlag, Dresden 1924.
  • Siegfried von Sivers : Our daily bread. Life story of rye. Essen publishing house, Essen 1936, illustrations: Hans Haffenrichter
  • Painting. Graphic. Plastic . Art exhibition Prien am Chiemsee 1968.
  • Lothar Schreyer and the Bauhaus stage . In: Eckhard Neumann (ed.): Bauhaus and Bauhäusler. Confessions and memories. Hallwag, Bern 1971.
  • Where the pictures come from. Schwarcz, Vienna 1976.
  • Hans Haffenrichter. Retrospective for the 90th birthday of the Bauhaus artist. Galerie Michael Pabst, Munich 1987.
  • Marlene Lauter: Traces of nature and the cosmos - Hans Haffenrichter - painting, graphics, sculpture. Städtische Galerie Würzburg, May 16 to July 12, 1992. Würzburg: Graphischer Betrieb Bonitas-Bauer, 1992.
  • Hans Haffenrichter: Würzburg 1897–1981 Prien; Retrospective 100th birthday of the Bauhaus artist. Michael Pabst Gallery, Munich 1997.

literature

  • Marlene Lauter: Haffenrichter, Hans . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 67, de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-598-23034-9 , p. 350 f.
  • Haffenrichter, Hans . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 6 , supplements H-Z . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1962, p. 8 .
  • Haffenrichter, Hans . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 2 : E-J . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1955, p. 351 .
  • Haffenrichter, Hans . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 4 : Görres – Hittorp . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-11-094654-8 , p. 341–342 ( books.google.de - limited preview).
  • Rolf Linnenkamp : The painter Hans Haffenrichter and the unified aesthetic field . Mainfränkische Hefte 57, Würzburg 1972
  • Wolfgang Wangler: Students of the Bauhaus and their painting today . Cologne: Symbol, 1982, ISBN 3-9800350-1-8 , pp. 20-25
  • Christina Biundo et al. a .: Bauhaus Ideas 1919 - 1994: Bibliography and contributions to the reception of the Bauhaus idea . Berlin: Reimer, 1994
  • Eckhard Neumann (ed.): Bauhaus and Bauhäusler: Memories and Confessions . Extended new edition, DuMont, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7701-1673-9 (first edition 1985), pp. 116–121
  • Peter-Klaus Schuster [Ed.]: National Socialism and "Degenerate Art": the "Art City" of Munich 1937; [on the occasion of the exhibition "Degenerate Art": Documentation on the National Socialist Iconoclasm in the holdings of the State Gallery of Modern Art in Munich, organized by the State Gallery of Modern Art, Munich, (November 27, 1987 - January 31, 1998)] . 5th, completely revised. and additional edition Prestel, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7913-1888-8 .
  • Herbert Henck : Hermann Heiss . Additions to a biography . Kompost, Deinstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-9802341-6-0 , chapter Hans and Ursula Haffenrichter .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 (= The time of National Socialism. Vol. 17153). Completely revised edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-596-17153-8 , p. 190.
  2. ↑ Manfred Seidenfuß: "History Didactics" between historical science and educational science. Looking for continuities. In: Wolfgang Hasberg, Manfred Seidenfuß (Hrsg.): Modernization in transition: History didactics and history lessons after 1945. LIT Verlag Münster, 2008, p. 43. ISBN 978-3-8258-1086-3 .
  3. ^ Robert Thoms: Great German Art Exhibition Munich 1937-1944 . Directory of artists in two volumes, Volume II: Sculptors. Neuhaus, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-937294-02-5 , p. 103.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Christine Jeske: The Hitler suspicion. Revelations about Würzburg artists , Main-Post , May 26, 2011
  5. ^ Robert Thoms: Great German Art Exhibition Munich 1937-1944 . Directory of artists in two volumes, Volume II: Sculptors. Neuhaus, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-937294-02-5 , p. 33.
  6. ^ Hans Joachim Moser : Schütz bust by Prof. H. Haffenrichter . In: New magazine for music. Volume 102, Issue 2, 1935. P. 1135.
  7. ^ Postcards , on the website Haus der Deutschen Kunst
  8. ↑ a b Martin Papenbrock , Anette Sohn: Exhibitions of German contemporary art in the Nazi era: a commented bibliography . VDG, Verl. And database for the humanities, Weimar 2000, p. 442. Würzburg, p. 377.
  9. ^ German administration for popular education in the Soviet zone of occupation: List of the literature to be sorted out. Transcript letter S , Berlin, Zentralverlag, 1946, No. 11147.
  10. ↑ Sigmund von Frauendorfer, Heinz Haushofer : History of ideas in agriculture and agricultural policy in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: From World War I to the Present. , Bayerischer Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1957, pp. 151–152.
  11. ^ Herbert Henck : Hermann Heiss 1897-1966: Supplements to a biography. BoD - Books on Demand, 2009, p. 201 ff.
  12. ↑ Hans Haffenrichter: Where do the pictures come from. Thoughts on art and meditation. Edited by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in the series of the Richard L. Cary lecture, Sensen-Verlag Ernst Schwarcz, Vienna, 1976. External web link to the text at www.haffenrichter.com, accessed on November 11, 2015.
  13. ↑ Quote: “Nevertheless, he was represented in 1937 at the exhibition“ Degenerate Art ”in Munich”, by Hans Haffenrichter , website
  14. ^ Confiscation inventory “Degenerate Art” , at FU Berlin, search query on December 4, 2014
  15. ^ Degenerate art inventory , at Victoria and Albert Museum . Volume 2 shows a sculpture of a crouching woman , confiscated from the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Weimar , by Hassenrichter [sic!].
  16. ↑ Lemma Hans Haffenrichter in the AKL, 2010, p. 351
  17. ^ Herbert Henck: Hermann Heiss. Additions to a biography. Corrections and additions to the first edition of the book (2009)
  18. ↑ Lisa H. Löns, Elfriede Rotermund, Arno Bammé, Hans-Karl Schönhagen: Correspondence between Lisa Löns and Elfriede Rotermund from the years 1922 to 1955. Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research and Further Education, publications from the research project "Literature and Sociology": H. 27 , Klagenfurt 2008, p. 46.
  19. ↑ Video watercolor "Birth of the Flower" on ndr.de
personal data
SURNAME Haffenrichter, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Wurzburg
DATE OF DEATH February 22, 1981
Place of death Prien am Chiemsee