Sina (China)

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Sina is a name that is used again and again for China , which is historically derived from the Latin or ancient Greek language. In 18th century Germany (around 1700) the term Sina was the common name for China.

etymology

There are various theories about the origin of the name Sina .

While the Chinese call their own country " Zhongguo " ( Chinese  中國  /  中国 , Pinyin Zhōngguó , Jyutping Zung 1 gwok 3 ), in the rest of the world it is called China or Sina almost everywhere . The modern term China does not exist in any historical Chinese source and is of non-Chinese origin.

The word China is probably derived from the old Chinese word Qin (historical spelling Chin , 秦 ), the name of the Chinese principality (later "Kingdom" or "State" 秦國  /  秦 , Qínguó , Jyutping Ceon 4 gwok 3 ), 778-207 BC From which the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BC) emerged. After years of wars of conquest under the king of the Qin, the various kingdoms of what is now China were established in 221 BC. BC united and one empire.

Since that time the name is Qin probably a roundabout way along the Silk Road as far as Europe enters. The letter "Q", which is used in the official Pinyin transcription, is pronounced roughly like "tch" in Chinese, with a soft "ch" and a hard "t".

Historical

  • Sinae , Latin name for China
  • Chin or Sina ( Chinese  支那 , Pinyin zhīnà , Jyutping zi 1 na 4 ) 1 , old Chinese form of the Sanskrit name cīna ( चीन )
  • Shina ( Japanese 支那 , Hiragana し な , Katakana シ ナ shina ) 1 , old Japanese word for China.

The name Sina is also chosen as the reason that the unclear place name “ Sinim ” in Isaiah 49:12 is particularly popularly interpreted as China.

annotation
1 The historical writing is obsolete in China today. The term "Sina" (Ch. "Zhina" Jap. "Shina" sansk "Cina".) With the following Chinese or Japanese characters 支那 or しな シナ "is a historical Lehn designation for China from the Sanskrit The use of the stand-alone term "Zhina" or "Shina" - 支那 "with this Hanzi spelling ( Kanji spelling) is considered offensive or offensive today in both China and Japan . Due to abuse and use of the term at the time of World War II on the part of Japan this designation is for China in today Asia , historically burdened, especially in the countries concerned and its population and is therefore sensitive to be used. The Japanese Kana spelling し な シ ナ - "Shina", on the other hand, is still often found in Japan in, for example, scientific terms or the like.

In linguistic terms

  • “The land of Sin im ” in Isaiah 49:12 is interpreted, among other things, as the land of the Chinese.
  • Apple sine - The apple from China, in Dutch Sinaasappel.
  • Sino logy - a field of linguistics and cultural studies
  • Sino pec - name of a Chinese oil company

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Term "Qin - 秦". In: www.zdic.net. Retrieved September 23, 2019 (Chinese, English, French).
  2. ^ Term "Qin - 秦". In: Xinhua Zidian . Retrieved September 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  3. ^ Term "Qin - 秦". In: www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk. Retrieved September 23, 2019 (Chinese, English).
  4. ↑ term Zhina -支那. In: www.zdic.net. Retrieved August 27, 2019 (Chinese, English).
  5. ↑ term Zhina -支那. In: leo.org . Retrieved August 27, 2019 (Chinese, German).
  6. ↑ term Zhina -支那. In: dict.revised.moe.edu.tw. Retrieved August 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ Term shina - し な, シ ナ, 支那. In: tangorin.com. Retrieved August 27, 2019 (English, Japanese).
  8. ↑ Term shina - し な, シ ナ, 支那. In: Wadoku . Retrieved August 27, 2019 (German, Japanese).