Solanum chilense
| Solanum chilense | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
Solanum chilense |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Solanum chilense | ||||||||||||
| ( Dunal ) empires |
Solanum chilense (Syn. Lycopersicon chilense ) is a plant species from the section of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon ) in the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum chilense is a sturdy, perennial , herbaceous plant that initially grows upright, later lying down. It grows up to 1 m high and also reaches a diameter of up to one meter, but can occasionally spread further, especially in rocky locations. The grayish stems lignify at the base and reach a diameter of 8 to 12 mm. The dense, velvety hair consists of white, single-row, non-glandular trichomes up to 0.5 mm in length and isolated short, single-row, glandular trichomes with four- or eight-cell heads.
The sympodial units have two (rarely three) leaves , the internodes are 1 to 2 (rarely up to 5) cm long. The leaves are interrupted, pinnate unpaired, (rarely only 5 to) 7 to 13 (rarely up to 20) cm long and (rarely only 2) 2.5 to 6.5 (rarely up to 10) cm wide. They are grayish green in color. The hairiness is similar to that of the stem axis, but with less glandular trichomes.
The leaf consists of five to seven pairs of main sub-leaves that are narrowly elliptical in shape, have a broad-pointed to pointed tip and a sloping base, which runs down from the petioles, so that they appear perched. There is no significant difference in size between the upper and lower sub-leaves, they reach a length of 1.2 to 3.5 cm and a width of 0.5 to 1.3 cm. The front part of the leaf is longer and relatively narrower than the side and then 2 to 4 cm long and 0.7 to 2.5 cm wide. Partial leaves of the second order often occur on the largest side leaves and are 0.2 to 0.4 cm long and 0.05 to 0.2 cm wide. Their base runs down the partial leaf stalks. Between the main part leaves there are usually about 10 to 20 inserted part leaves in two pairs, these are 0.2 to 0.5 cm long and 0.1 to 0.3 cm wide. Pseudo stipules are clearly pronounced at most nodes and 0.5 to 0.9 cm long and 0.4 to 1.2 cm wide.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences consist of (rarely only twelve) 20 to 50 flowers and reach a length of 6 to 20 (rarely up to 30) cm. Usually they are forked once, occasionally further forks appear towards the tip. Bracts may be missing or they may be present at almost every node, then they reach a length of 0.5 to 1.2 cm and a width of 0.2 to 0.5 cm; their edge is irregularly notched. The inflorescences are on 4 to 15 cm long pedicels . They are hairy similar to the stems and the leaves. The flower stalks are 1 to 1.6 cm long and the upper half is bent like a joint.
The buds are 9 to 12 cm long and 3 to 4 cm wide. They have a conical, straight shape. Before the bud opens, the petals are already a little more than half over the calyx . At the time of flowering, the calyx tube is about 0.5 to 1 mm long and is covered with 5 to 6 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide, lanceolate calyx tips with thick, white velvety hairs on both sides. The wheel-shaped, star-shaped crown reaches a diameter of 2 to 2.6 cm. It is colored bright yellow, the central veins of each corolla lobe are darker in color. The corolla tube has a length of 0.4 to 0.5 (rarely up to 0.7) cm, the corolla lobes reach a length of 1 to 1.2 cm and a width of 0.5 to 0.6 (rarely up to 0, 7) cm. The outside is sparsely covered with simple trichomes up to 0.25 mm long, which are closer to the central veins, edges and tips.
The stamens are fused into a straight tube with a length of 0.9 to 1.3 cm, the stamens reach a length of less than 0.5 cm, the anthers are 0.5 to 0.8 cm long and the stamen the sterile appendix at the tip becomes 0.15-0.2 cm long. The ovary is spherical, hairless or only finely hairy at the tip. The stylus is 1 to 1.4 mm long and 0.5 mm in diameter. In the lower half it is densely white-haired, it stands about 1.5 to 2 cm above the stamen and has a cephalic, green-colored scar .
Fruits and seeds
The fruit is a 1 to 1.5 cm diameter, spherical berry . It is divided into two to five chambers and when ripe is greenish white with purple stripes along the chamber boundaries. It is sparsely to moderately hairy with 0.5 to 0.7 mm long, simple, white trichomes; occasionally the trichomes have unicellular glandular heads. In between there are occasionally short, single-row trichomes with four-cell glandular heads. The stem is 1.4 to 2.1 cm long and straight or slightly curved at the joint when the fruit is ripe. The calyx lobes enlarge on the fruit to 12 to 16 mm and then have a width of 1.5 to 2 mm and only slightly embrace the fruit or are splayed out.
The seeds are 2.2 to 3.2 mm long, 1.2 to 1.6 mm wide and 0.5 to 0.7 mm high. They are inverted ovoid, dark brown and covered with hair-like outgrowths of the outer seminal wall cells, so that the surface appears silky or shaggy. At the top they are narrowly winged, at the base they are pointed.
ecology
The flowers and fruits appear regularly throughout the year, but there is an increase in the number of flowers between September and October.
Occurrence and locations
The species occurs on the western slopes of the Andes from Tacna in southern Peru to northern Chile . They grow there on extremely dry, rocky surfaces and in coastal deserts between sea level up to 3000 m.
literature
- Iris E. Peralta, David M. Spooner, Sandra Knapp: Taxonomy of Wild Tomatoes and their Relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides, sect. Juglandifolia, sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae) (= Systematic Botany Monographs . Volume 84 ). The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 2008, ISBN 978-0-912861-84-5 .
Web links
- Solanum chilense Description at PBI Solanum: A worldwide treatment (English)