Solanum nava
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| Webb & Berthel. |
Solanum nava is an extremely rare or already extinct plant species from the nightshade genus( Solanum ). It is or wasendemicto the island of Tenerife .
features
Solanum nava is an herbaceous plant or subshrub that can reach a height of one meter. The green, erect, hollow, fleshy trunk is covered with dense glandular trichomes . They are 0.5 to 1 mm long and mixed with simple, single-row trichomes up to 2 mm long. The simple, egg-shaped leaves are 4 to 9 inches long and 2 to 7 inches wide. There are six pairs of primary leaf veins. Both leaf sides are covered with dense glandular hairs. The leaf base is heart-shaped. The leaf margin is completely and densely covered with densely glandular eyelash hairs. The tip of the leaf is pointed to pointed. The densely hairy leaf stalks are 1.5 to 3 inches long.
The simple inflorescences located between the nodes , mostly under the leaves, are 2 to 8 centimeters long and consist of three to six flowers. The inflorescences are covered with dense, glandular, approximately 0.5 mm long trichomes. The flower stalks are 0.3 to 2 inches long. The buds are ellipsoidal and protrude well out of the calyx before opening . The calyx consists of a broad, cup-shaped calyx tube, which is covered with 8 to 10 mm long calyx lobes. They are narrowly elliptical in shape and pointed towards the front. They are glandular on the inside and sparsely hairy on the outside with simple trichomes. The crown is 3 to 4 centimeters in diameter. It is pale purple in color, the center and main veins are darker. The finely triangular, about 1 mm long corolla lobes are flat or slightly bent back during flowering. The anthers come in three different sizes: two are 8 to 11 mm long, two more are 6 to 7 mm long and the shortest is only 3 to 4.5 mm long. They are each 1 to 1.5 mm wide and open via pores at the tips, which later expand into slits. All but the shortest anthers are studded with a horn that is 1 to 1.5 mm in size and 2 to 4 mm above the base and is black in color. The ovary is conical and hairless, he carries a 1 to 1.3 centimeters long stylus and is greatly bent upwards and terminates in a fine-shaped head, papillary scar .
The fruit is a flattened, spherical berry with a thin pericarp that is approximately one centimeter in diameter. When ripe it is reddish orange or red in color. The fruit stalks are 1.2 to 1.5 inches long and not noticeably lignified. The egg-shaped seeds measure approximately 4 × 3 millimeters. They are dark reddish-brown in color and have irregularly notched edges.
Occurrence and locations
The occurrence of Solanum nava is limited to the laurel forests on the Cruz de Taborno in the Anaga Mountains on Tenerife . The plant prefers sunny clearings.
status
Solanum nava was considered extinct for a long time until it was first rediscovered in 1973 and again in 1982. The species was last detected in 1984. The destruction of the laurel forest probably led to its disappearance again. It is listed as extinct in the 2008 edition of the Red List of Threatened Flowering Plants of Spain .
Systematics
1852 Solanum nava of Michel Félix Dunal in the former section Tuberarium (including, among other things, the potato found counted). In 1912 Georg Bitter created the independent section Normania within the nightshade genus for this species and the closely related species Solanum trisectum from Madeira . In 1993, Javier Francisco-Ortega raised the Normania section to a genus that differs from Solanum in its horn-shaped anthers , zygomorphic flowers and independent seed and pollen morphology. In 2001, Lynn Bohs and Richard Olmstead showed through morphological analyzes that Solanum nava together with Solanum herculeum , which previously belonged to the genus Triguera , forms an independent clade within the monophyletic genus Solanum .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lista Roja 2008 de la Flora Vascular Española ( Memento of the original dated December 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Friedrich August Georg Bitter: Solana nova vel minus cognita. IV. In: Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Centralblatt for the collection and publication of single diagnoses of new plants. Volume XI. Edited by Dr. Friedrich Fedde, Berlin 1912 (German, Latin) online version
- ↑ Francisco-Ortega, J., JG Hawkes, RN Lester & JR Acebes-Ginovés 1993. Normania, an endemic Macaronesian genus distinct from Solanum (Solanaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 185: pp. 189-205.
- ↑ L. Bohs, RG Olmstead: A reassessment of Normania and Triguera (Solanaceae) . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , 2001.
literature
- Sandra Knapp: Solanum nava . In: Solanaceae Source , accessed June 4, 2009.
- Normania nava In: Atlas y Libro Rojo de la Flora Vascular Amenazada de España (description in Spanish and illustration) PDF, online .
- J. Francisco-Ortega, JG Hawkes, RN Lester, JR Acebes-Ginovés: Normania, an endemic Macaronesian genus distinct from Solanum (Solanaceae) . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . tape 185 , 1993, pp. 189-205 .
- Kornelius Lems : Floristic Botany of the Canary Islands: A Compilation of the Geographic Distribution, Disperal Types, Life Forms and Leaf Types of the Species of Vascular Plants . Institut Botanique de l'Université de Montreal, 1960.
Web links
- Type specimens of the species (as Normania nava ) at jstor.org.