Philip Barker Webb

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Philip Barker Webb
Philip Barker Webb, 1847
Herbarium collected by Philip Barker Webb, 1842
Philip Barker Webb, painting by Lalogero di Bernadis (1820)

Philip Barker Webb (born July 10, 1793 in Milford House near Godalming , Surrey , † August 31, 1854 in Paris ) was an English botanist , geologist and naturalist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Webb ".

life and work

Philip Barker Webb came, the eldest of three sons, from a wealthy aristocratic family. His father was Philip Smith Webb, his mother Hannah the daughter of Sir Robert Barker, who in turn was a great-grandson of the antiquarian and lawyer Philip Carteret Webb (1702-1770). Webb attended the private boys' school ( independent school ) Harrow School in the north-west London borough of Harrow . He then went to the Christ Church College of Oxford University , where he (a.. Greek, Italian and Spanish u), languages Botany and Geology studied and 1815 the Bachelor of Arts received.

First trips (1818–1827)

Webb's first trips were to Venice (1815), Austria and Sweden. He then spent two years in Italy (1817-1818), namely in Naples , before embarking on a longer journey that took him to Greece, Asia Minor (especially the west coast of Turkey ), Malta and Sicily (1819-1820). On this trip to the eastern Mediterranean, Webb was accompanied by Alberto Parolini (1788–1867), whom he had already met in Venice in 1815; Other passengers were two young Englishmen - Oxford graduates like Webb - named Edmonstone and Curteis. Webb and his tour company began their journey in Otranto and in the following months visited Corfu , Ithaca , Zakynthos , Patras , Corinth , Athens , Paros , Delos , Chios , Constantinople (September 1819), Büyükdere , Hisarlık and the Marmara region . The way back took them via İzmir , Malta and Sicily (March 1820) to Naples. Apart from a paper on the topography of the Troas , which first appeared in Italian in 1821 , no results of the trip were published, but at least Webb secured a place in the research on Troy in the nineteenth century. Large parts of the botanical evidence collected by Webb and Parolini in Asia Minor were published and discussed by Roberto de Visiani (1800–1878) in his work Illustrazione di alcune piante della Grecia e dell'Asia Minore (Venice 1842) more than two decades later , but to the displeasure of Webb, who criticized Visiani's work for various reasons.

In 1825, Webb botanized in southwest France (July 1825: Saint-Sever ) and Spain (1826), and finally in the mountains around Tétouan in Morocco, Gibraltar and Portugal (1827). He later published the income from his travels in Spain in Iter Hispaniense (1838) and Otia Hispanica (1839).

In the Canary Islands (1828–1830)

Another expedition (1828), which was supposed to take him to Brazil, brought Webb - via Madeira (May – September 1828) - to the Canary Islands . In Tenerife in September 1828 he made the acquaintance of the French Sabin Berthelot , who had been creating a herbarium of Canarian flora for eight years ; Berthelot persuaded Webb not to travel further to Brazil, but to botanize with him on Tenerife and other islands ( Lanzarote , Fuerteventura , Gran Canaria ). Webb and Berthelot returned to Geneva via Algiers and Nice in the spring of 1830 ; in June 1833 Webb moved into a house in Paris. Their botanical and zoological research was published by Berthelot and Webb over the next two decades in the 9 volumes of the Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries . The Histoire naturelle is Webb's main work, although numerous other naturalists contributed individual articles or chapters. Webb coined the term Macaronesia to denote the geographical peculiarity of the flora of the Canary Islands and the surrounding islands as well as the coastal regions of Morocco .

Webb kept the herbal specimens collected on Tenerife in his house in Paris, which also functioned as a small private museum and was visited by numerous botanists. The budding French botanist Eugène Bourgeau (1813-1877), for example, studied in 1843 in Webb's "Privatherbarium" before he was hired by this as an assistant and went to the Canary Islands from 1845 to 1846, by a further evidence of the Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries to procure. The herbarium of Webb was looked after by the French botanist Jean-Louis Kralik (1813-1892) until 1854 .

Florence and the "Erbario Webb"

In later years Webb traveled again to Spain (October – December 1850), then Ireland (summer 1851); Further trips to Tunisia and Egypt , which Webb had planned in the mid-1840s and still in 1852, had not taken place due to his health and the recurring cholera in North Africa. Nevertheless, Webb published a list of plants that the Italian naturalist and pharmacist Antonio Figari (1804-1870) collected in Egypt and sent to the Museum of Natural History ( Imperiale e Regio Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale ) in Florence . Webb had stayed in Florence 1848–1849 and 1852–1853 to study the collections there; since 1842 , a national herbarium ( Herbarium Central Italicum ) was in the making there at the instigation of Filippo Parlatore (1816–1877) . Shortly before his death, Webb decreed that his personal herbarium - which would later become known as Erbario Webb - should be given to the Museum of Natural History in Florence, which it did. Webb's collection (approx. 250,000 documents, packed in 1,100 boxes!) Was brought from Paris to Florence in September 1855. He intended the proceeds from the sale of his Parisian house to house his herbarium in Florence.

The death of his mother, Hannah Barker, ended Webb's stay in Italy, and he returned to England from Florence in mid-1853. He suffered a violent attack of gout while on his way from England to Geneva in May 1854 to meet one of his brothers, Admiral Webb. Philip Barker Webb died a few months later in Paris and was taken to his homeland in Surrey for funeral. The Illustrated London News in its September 16, 1854 edition falsely reported that Webb had died of cholera in Paris.

Honors

On March 25, 1824 Webb was elected as a member ( Fellow ) in the Royal Society , but was again struck off the list of members in the same year. He was also a member of the Society of Antiquaries of London , the Linnean Society of London and the Geological Society of London . In 1839 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

After him, the plant genera are Webbia DC. from the daisy family (Asteraceae) and Barkerwebbia Becc. named from the palm family (Arecaceae). The magazine Webbia (1905 ff.), Published in Florence, is also named after him.

The Botanical Garden of Gran Canaria ( Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo" ) in the valley of Guiniguada near Tafira Alta has a "fountain of the wise" ( La Fuente de Los Sabios ), which u. a. honors the memory of Philip Barker Webb and Sabin Berthelot.

Fonts

A complete list of Webb's publications, a total of 22 entries, can be found in Parlatore 1856, pp. 37–38

  • 1821: Osservazioni intorno allo stato antico e presente dell 'agro trojano . Milan: Impr. Reale 1821 Digitalisat (Google) = Philipp Barker-Webb's investigations into the former and present condition of the plain [!] Of Troy. Translated from the Italian by D. Heinrich Hase , Weimar: Geographisches Institut 1822 Digitalisat (Google) = (revised and supplemented version :) Topographie de la Troade ancienne et modern . Paris: Gide 1844 digitized (Google)
  • 1825: "The Plain of Troy". In: The Cabinet of Foreign Voyages and Travels (London), Volume 1, 1825, pp. 196–227
  • 1833: (together with Sabin Berthelot :) Synopsis molluscorum terrestrium et fluviatilium quae in itineribus per insulas Canarienses observarunt . Paris: Madame Veuve Thuau digitized (Google)
  • 1836: (together with Sabin Berthelot and Alfred Moquin-Tandon :) Ornithology canarienne . Paris
  • 1836–1850: (together with Sabin Berthelot and Alfred Moquin-Tandon :) L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries . 9 volumes, Paris: Béthune [the volumes did not appear in a continuous sequence] Overview of the digital copies (BHL)
  • 1838: Iter Hispaniense: Or A Synopsis of Plants Collected in the Southern Provinces of Spain and in Portugal, with Geographical Remarks, and Observations on Rare and Undescribed Species . Paris: Béthune & Plon digitized (Google) (Real Jardín Botánico Madrid)
  • 1839: Otia Hispanica seu delectus plantarum rariorum aut nondum rite notarum per Hispanias sponte nascentium . Paris: Brockhaus & Avenarius - London: H. Coxhead. New edition Paris: Victor Masson 1853 (Real Jardìn Botanico Madrid)
  • 1849: Collaboration with: Niger flora; or, An Enumeration of the Plants of Western Tropical Africa, Collected by the Late Dr. Theodore Vogel, Botanist to the Voyage of the Expedition Sent by Her Britannic Majesty to the River Niger in 1841 . London: Hippolyte Baillière 1849
  • 1840: (together with T. de Heldreich ): Catalogus plantarum Hispanicarum in provincia Giennensi (provincia de Jaen) anno 1849 from Antonio Blanco lectarum digitized (Real Jardín Botánico Madrid) [handwritten]
  • 1854: Fragmenta florulae Aethiopico-Aegyptiacae ex plantis praecipue from Antonio Figari MD Musaeo IR Florentino missis , Paris: Victor Masson digitized version (MDZ Munich)

literature

  • Fausto Barbagli, Giovanna Ciuffi, Marina Clauser, Piero Cuccuini, Luciana Fantoni, Gianna Innocenti, Chiara Nepi, Daniela Parrini, Marta Poggesi, Luisa Poggi and Monica Zavattaro: "The Natural History Museum of Florence and Its Contribution to the Knowledge of the Mediterranean" . In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . Volume 59, Suppl. I, No. 2 (September 2008), pp. 19-36 (link at ResearchGate )
  • Beatrice Biagioli: Archivio Philip Barker Webb. Inventory . Published by the Università degli Studi di Firenze: Biblioteca del Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale 2006 ( pdf )
  • J. Gay: “Notice sur la vie et les travaux de Philippe Barker Webb”. In: Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France . Volume III (Paris 1856), pp. 37-52
  • Chiara Nepi: "L'erbario Webb / The Webb Herbarium ". In: Mauro Raffaelli (ed.): Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze . Volume II: Le collezioni botaniche . Firenze University Press, Florence 2009, pp. 103–110 ( pdf )
  • Filippo Parlatore : Elogio di Filippo Barker Webb . Florence: Le Monnier 1856 digitized (Google)
  • Alberto Relancio Menéndez: Historia natural de las Islas Canarias de Philip Barker Webb y Sabino Berthelot: una introducción . Tenerife: Fundación Canaria Orotava de historia de la ciencia 2006 (Materiales de historia de la ciencia 10)
  • Günter Voss: The Canary Bolle-Fibel , Berlin 2014 (reports and memoirs of the German botanist Carl August Bolle , who worked several times in the Canary Islands from 1851 and gave many details about Webb's previous stay).
  • Robert Zander : Zander concise dictionary of plant names . Ed .: Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 13th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8001-5042-5 .

Web links

Commons : Philip Barker Webb  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Edward Wedlake Brayley: A Topographical History of Surrey . tape 5 . G. Willis, London 1850, p. 258 .
  2. ↑ According to Brayley in 1850, "Milford House" was a stately brick building with large estates that had been built by Thomas Smith, Esq., In the time of George II (r. 1727-1760). In the 1840s, the house belonged to Philip Barker Webb but was occupied by his brother, officer Robert Smith Webb.
  3. ↑ Not in Vienna, as can sometimes be read.
  4. ↑ Webb 1821, p. 5
  5. ^ Webb 1822.
  6. ↑ "Barker Webb's Inquiry into the Location of Troy" . In: Literary Conversations Sheet . No. 235 , October 11, 1821, p. 237 f .
  7. ^ William Aylward, Gebhard Bieg, Rustem Aslan: "The Aqueduct of Roman Ilion and the Bridge across the Kemerdere Valley in the Troad" . In: Studia Troica . tape 12 , 2002, p. 397-427, here p. 398 .
  8. ↑ Jonathan Brown: Homeric Sites Around Troy . Parrot Press, Canberra 2017, pp. 142 f .
  9. ↑ Moreno Clementi: A Cross-disciplinary Study of the Work and Collections by Roberto de Visiani (1800–1878) . Padua 2017, p. 84 ( unipd.it [PDF] doctoral thesis Univ. Padua, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Geografche e dell'Antichità).
  10. ^ Philip Barker Webb, la vita . In: Mauro Raffaelli (ed.): Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi a Firenze . II: Le collezioni botaniche. Firenze University Press, Florence 2009, pp. 111 f .
  11. ↑ Richard P. Harmon, George A. Cevasco, Richard A. Harmon, Lorne F. Hammond (eds.): Biographical Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists . Westport, Connecticut 1997, pp. 94 .
  12. ↑ Gay 1856, pp. 42, 46
  13. ^ Filippo Parlatore: Sulla botanica in Italia e sulla necessità di formare un Erbario generale in Firenze . Paris 1841.
  14. ^ Nepi (2009)
  15. ↑ Guido Moggi: Storia delle collezioni botaniche del Museo . In: Mauro Raffaelli (ed.): Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi a Firenze . II: Le collezioni botaniche. Firenze University Press, Florence 2009, pp. 3–53, here p. 31 .
  16. ↑ Stafleu / Cowan: Taxonomic literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Volume IX, p. 118. Retrieved October 22, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Illustrated London News 1854. Retrieved October 22, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Member entry by Philipp Barker-Webb at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on October 19, 2015.
  19. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
  20. ↑ Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2, page 2078. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
  21. ^ Susan Heuck Allen: Finding the Walls of Troy. Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlık . University of California Press, Berkeley 1999, pp. 290 note 6 .
personal data
SURNAME Webb, Philip Barker
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English botanist
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Milford , Surrey
DATE OF DEATH August 31, 1854
Place of death Paris