Solanum neorickii
| Solanum neorickii | ||||||||||||
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| Solanum neorickii | ||||||||||||
| DMSpooner , GJAnderson & RKJansen |
Solanum neorickii (Syn. Lycopersicon parviflorum ) is a plant species from the section of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon ) in the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum neorickii is a perennial , somewhat woody, creeping plant that can grow up to 2 m in length. The stems are 2 to 2.5 (rarely up to 5) mm thick, are dark green in color and have dense, velvety hairs. The hair consists mainly of non-glandular trichomes , which are 1–2-celled, white, single-row and 0.3 to 0.5 mm long. In between there are sparsely glandular trichomes with single-cell or multicellular heads; Plants from more northern populations also have solid, single-row trichomes up to 1 mm long with a multicellular base.
The sympodial units have two leaves , the internodes are (rarely only 1) 2 to 4.5 cm long. The leaves are pinnate, interrupted, (3 to) 5 to 8 cm long and (1.5 to) 3 to 5 cm wide. The underside is dark green to pale green and evenly covered with soft, non-glandular trichomes. The top looks lighter than the bottom due to the thicker hair. The main leaves are in two to four pairs, with the bottom pair being significantly smaller than the others. They are narrowly elliptical to elliptical, the tip is pointed to pointed, the base is pointed to cut off and usually descends in the direction of the base of the entire leaf on the petiole. The edge is furrowed to toothed, in the lower third the furrows are more pronounced, occasionally the upper half of the partial leaf is entire. The front part of the leaf is usually longer than the side, these are (0.5 to) 1.2 to 2.5 cm long, (0.2 to) 0.7 to 1.2 cm wide and usually sit at 0.2 up to 0.5 cm long stem, which can also be missing. The terminal partial leaf is usually long, pointed, (1 to) 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, (0.4) 1 to 2 cm wide and stands on a 0.4 to 0.5 cm long stalk. Partial leaves of the second and third order are not formed, but between the main part leaves up to four smaller, circular or elliptical part leaves are inserted. These are 0.3 to 1 cm long and 0.3 to 0.5 cm wide and stand on 0.1 mm long stalks. The petiole of the entire leaf is 0.5 to 1.5 cm long. Pseudo stipules form at some nodes .
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are (2 to) 5 to 14 cm long, not divided and consist of five to ten (rarely up to twelve) flowers . Occasionally they contain one or two bracts that are 0.1 to 0.5 cm long and wide. The inflorescence stalks are 1 to 4 cm long, their hairiness resembles that of the stem axis, but there are also isolated glandular trichomes with multicellular heads and some strong single-row and up to 2 mm trichomes that arise from a multicellular base. The flower stalks are 0.6 to 1 cm long and the upper half is bent like a joint.
The buds are 0.4 to 0.5 cm in length and 0.3 to 0.35 cm wide and have a broadly conical shape. Before the bud opens, the petals are more than half over the calyx . The calyx tube is about 1 mm long and covered with 2.5 to 3 mm long and 1 to 1.5 mm wide, lanceolate calyx tips, which are hairy similar to the inflorescence stalks. The crown has a diameter of 1 to 1.2 mm, is pentagonal and golden yellow in color. Your corolla tube is (0.1 to) 0.2 to 0.3 cm long, the corolla lobes are 0.3 to 0.4 cm long and just as wide and strongly bent back to the flower. The edge of the corolla lobes is irregularly wavy.
The stamens are fused into a 0.4 to 0.6 cm long, straight tube, the stamens are 0.5 cm long, the anthers about 0.25 to 0.3 cm. The dust bags have sterile appendages with a length of 0.1 to 0.15 cm. The ovary is spherical and hairless. The stylus is 0.4 to 0.45 cm long and 0.5 mm thick, the lower 2/3 are hairy whitish. It is slightly shorter than the stamen tube or only slightly protrudes from it. The scar is head-shaped and colored green.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical, two-chambered berries with a diameter of 1 to 1.1 cm. They are colored green and covered with dark green stripes from the tip to the base. The surface is initially sparsely covered with white, non-glandular, up to 0.2 mm long trichomes with velvety hair, but the hair loses with maturity. The flower stalks extend on the fruit to 1 to 1.5 cm, are straight or slightly curved at the joint. The calyx lobes enlarge to 9 to 12 mm in length and 2 to 3 mm in width, are not bent back, the fruit slightly encompassing or often protruding.
The seeds are 1.7 to 2.6 mm long, 1.0 to 1.3 mm wide and 0.4 to 0.6 mm thick. They are inverted egg-shaped, pale brown in color and covered with hair-like outgrowths of the cells of the outer seminal wall, giving them a silky appearance. They are slightly winged at the top.
Occurrence and locations
The species occurs from the Apurimac department in southern Peru to the Azuay department in southern Ecuador . It grows there in dry intermediate valleys of the Andes , often creeping over rocky river banks and roadsides, at altitudes between 1950 and 3000 m.
ecology
Flowers and fruits appear sporadically throughout the year.
Systematics
Solanum neorickii is part of the section of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon ) within the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ). Cladistic studies place the species in one clade with Solanum arcanum and Solanum chmielewskii , the sister species is Solanum chmielewskii . These species are grouped together to form the Arcanum group.
Botanical history
Solanum neorickii in 1976 as Lycopersicon parviflorum of Charles Rick , E. Kesicki, JF Forbes and M. Holle first described . In the first description, a herbarium with the name Ochoa 1017 is given as a type specimen , but this name is used to identify a grass collected by Carlos Ochoa . The correct designation of the type specimen is Ochoa 1071 , but the whereabouts of this herbarium is unknown.
When the Lycopersicon was incorporated into the nightshade genus ( Solanum ), the species epitheton parviflorum could not be adopted, as Antonio José Cavanilles described another species as early as 1795 under the name Solanum parviflorum . David Michael Spooner , Gregory Joseph Anderson and Robert K. Jansen therefore gave the name Solanum neorickii in 1993 .
swell
- Iris E. Peralta, David M. Spooner, Sandra Knapp: Taxonomy of Wild Tomatoes and their Relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides, sect. Juglandifolia, sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae) . Systematic Botany Monographs, Volume 84, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, June 2008, ISBN 978-0-912861-84-5