Spatenberg
| Spatenberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 View of the Bismarck Tower from the southeast |
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| height | 366.1 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Kyffhäuserkreis , Thuringia ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Hainleite | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 21 '27 " N , 10 ° 52' 12" E | |
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| rock | Shell limestone | |
| particularities | Remains of a royal castle, Spatenbergturm ( AT ) | |
The Spatenberg is a conical limestone mountain with a height of 366.1 m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of the district town of Sondershausen in Thuringia . It carries the remains of a castle of King Henry IV and the Spatenberg Tower, built in 1895 as the Bismarck Tower .
location
The Spatenberg is a mountain spur at the northeast end of the Dorn (411.2 m) and the Göldner (405.6 m) on the northern roof of the Hainleite south of the city center of Sondershausen and west of its Jecha district . The completely forested mountain can only be reached via numerous hiking trails.
Spatenburg
The Spatenburg had different names over the years: Spartenburg, Ohlenburg, Olenburg, old castle, 1853: Spadensburg.
During the restoration of his royal rights at the end of the 1060s, Henry IV encountered resistance from the nobility in Saxony and Thuringia. Even the small feudal bearers made themselves unpopular with the farmers through attacks. Around 1070 Heinrich IV built a number of castles in the Harz region , the best known being the Harzburg . The Spatenburg was built in 1073. (It is 3 km east of the battlefield where King Henry I fought the Hungarians in 933). In 1073 the Saxon-Thuringian rebels besieged the Spatenburg without success. Heinrich IV fled from the Harzburg to Worms under the protection of the Rhenish citizens . But he found no military support from there. So it came to the compromise peace of Gerstungen (1074). Heinrich IV. Had to agree to the destruction of his Spatenburg. The rebels lost the support of aristocratic circles because of the desecration of the church on the Harzburg. By 1075 Heinrich IV was able to strengthen his position to such an extent that in the same year he was able to destroy the Saxons under Otto von Northeim near Langensalza and in October "near Spier (near Sondershausen)" .
The Spatenburg was rebuilt. Than Henry IV. Of Pope Gregory VII. The ban was issued, there was a renewed destruction of the castle. The next reconstruction took place in the 12th century, probably at the instigation of the Archbishop of Mainz . The Ministeriale Berthold von Spatinberc is mentioned from this time , who was in the service of the Landgraves of Thuringia . Then the castle came into the possession of the Count von Anhalt , who at the same time had an estate in Stockhausen . In 1263 the estate and "castrum Spatenberg" went to Count Heinrich II. Von Hohnstein for 50 silver marks and on April 9, 1263 as a fief to the Count of Weißensee . Since the Count's sons waged war against the German King Adolf von Nassau and lost, the Spatenburg was finally destroyed in 1295.
The Counts of Hohnstein, who owned the castle ruins, shared their property in 1312. The brothers Dietrich IV and Heinrich V received the devastated Spatenburg. Heinrich V became the sole owner through the death of his brother in 1315. After his death in 1356, his sons-in-law, Count Heinrich XII. von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg and Count Günther XII. von Schwarzburg inherited the inheritance. On behalf of Count Anton Heinrich von Schwarzburg, excavations were carried out on the castle grounds in 1637. Nothing is known about the results. The castle remained in the hands of Schwarzburg until the end of the First World War . From the spade castle today on the west side two are moats still visible.
Bismarck Tower
history
As early as 1845, a plan was discussed in Sondershausen to build a lookout tower on the Spatenberg. In the enthusiasm after the founding of the empire in 1871, Bismarck monuments were erected in many places in Germany. On the occasion of the upcoming 80th birthday of Bismarck, the Sonderhäuser newspaper “Der Deutsche” published an appeal for donations from the boards of the Sondershausen associations on March 14, 1895: “Greetings at an extremely suitable location on the isolated jutting mountain cone of the“ Olenburg ”in the Wipperthal A Bismarck tower is to be erected next to the Kaiser Wilhelm monument on the Kyffhäuser, which is in front of our eyes ” . The initiative came from the court printer's owner. The Bismarck Tower could be built within 7 months thanks to the substantial financing of a special house doctor. The building material came from the nearby stone quarry on Totenberg. On November 10, 1895, the inauguration took place with the subsequent thank-you party in the “Waldschlößchen”. The celebratory speeches were commemorated by Bismarck and Luther , who had his birthday that day. The tower has always been a place of political demonstration. Even when the red flag was hoisted on it for a short time on May 1st, 1910. For financial reasons, the clubs handed over the tower to the city in 1927.
Bismarck tower becomes Spatenberg tower
In the years after World War II , the tower began to deteriorate. Renovation has been postponed for material and political reasons. He was banned by the building authorities. In the 1970s, the district's cultural officials wanted to close the tower to visitors in general, because one could see the barracks from there. Since the name Bismarck had negative connotations in GDR history, the name of the tower was also rejected by the officials. In order to be able to name the tower at all, the Heimatfreunde in the Kulturbund introduced the name “Spatenbergturm” and founded an interest group of the same name, which repeatedly put the renovation of the tower up for discussion. In 1982 the tower was placed under monument protection. It was extensively renovated in 1985 by an after-work brigade.
Tower description
The Spatenberg tower stands on the flat surface of the former Spatenburg. It has a square base area of 5.7 m on each side and a height of 19.50 m. It is divided into three zones by protruding cornices . At the top it is conical and ends at the viewing platform with a crenellated wreath and gargoyles . The solid masonry consists of irregularly processed natural stone surfaces made of limestone . The ground floor is closed on the south side by a wrought iron door. The middle floor is reached via a stone staircase on steel girders. The further ascent takes place via stone stairs on the inner walls. There is a narrow balcony on the north side. The platform can be reached through a 6-sided wall tower on the southwest corner. In the meantime, however, climbing the tower is prohibited due to the risk of falling.
literature
- Heinrich Döring: Thuringia and the Harz . 1840.
- G. Wallenhauer: Local history of the principalities of Schwarzburg . Printing and publishing by the Princely priv. Hofdruckerei, Rudolstadt, 1882.
- The German. November 12, 1895.
- The German. No. 175 of July 20, 1905.
- Historical guide . Districts Erfurt-Gera-Suhl, Urania-Verlag, Leipzig-Jena-Berlin, 1978, p. 64.
- Monument registration Kyffhäuserkreis . Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation, Erfurt, 1998.
- Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartburg Verlag, 2000. ISBN 3-86134-631-1 .
- Karl Rudolf Schnith: Emperor Heinrich IV. In: Gerhard Hartmann / Karl Schnith (Hrsg.): The emperors. Marix Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden 2006, p. 208. ISBN 3-86539-074-9 and ISBN 978-3-86539-074-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ a b Bismarck Tower Sondershausen on bismarcktuerme.de
- ↑ Spatenberg Tower is threatened with complete closure. in Thüringer Allgemeine from October 16, 2012, accessed on December 26, 2014