Sphinginae

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Sphinginae
Privet hawk (Sphinx ligustri)

Privet hawk ( Sphinx ligustri )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Bombycoidea
Family : Swarmers (Sphingidae)
Subfamily : Sphinginae
Scientific name
Sphinginae
Latreille , 1802

The Sphinginae are a subfamily of the swarmers (Sphingidae). They occur worldwide with about 400 species , five are known from Europe , four of which are native to Central Europe. The most important genera include Cocytius , Manduca and Sphinx .

features

The Imagines usually have a well-developed, long proboscis , one is in some species but stunted, but it can also such as in Xanthopan exceed the length of the body several times. The first segment of the labial palps does not have any sensory hairs in the middle of the hairless area. The eighth sternum on the abdomen is evenly sclerotized . The tibia of the middle pairs of legs have either one pair of distal spurs or two pairs.

The head of the caterpillar is large and either round or tapered on top. The anal horn is usually formed, as are diagonal side stripes on the body.

In the case of the doll , the proboscis is either fused with the body or the proboscis sheath is free and separate on the body.

Way of life

In the resting position, the wings are folded together more or less like a roof over the abdomen. The most important food plants of the caterpillars include the daisy family (Asteraceae), trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae), bindweed family (Convolvulaceae), olive family (Oleaceae), nightshade family (Solanaceae) and verbena family (Verbenaceae).

Systematics

In the following, the 39 genera currently assigned to the subfamily are listed according to Kitching / Cadiou (2000), supplemented by the genus Lintneria , which was re-introduced by James P. Tuttle and confirmed by a molecular genetic investigation , which contains species separated from the genus Sphinx . All species occurring in Europe and selected other species are also shown. The species occurring in Europe are marked with an "E", those that also occur in Central Europe are each provided with the country code (A, CH, D).

Tribus Sphingini Latreille, 1802

Tribus Acherontiini Boisduval, 1875

Web links

Commons : Sphinginae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

literature

  • Niels P. Kristensen: Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies . In: Maximilian Fischer (Ed.): Handbook of Zoology . 1st edition. tape 4 - Arthropoda: Insecta , volume 35. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015704-7 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sphinginae. Fauna Europaea, accessed January 6, 2012 .
  2. ↑ Sphingidae. Lepiforum eV, accessed on January 6, 2012 .
  3. ↑ a b Niels P. Kristensen: Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies . In: Maximilian Fischer (Ed.): Handbook of Zoology . 1st edition. tape 4 - Arthropoda: Insecta , volume 35. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015704-7 (English).
  4. ↑ a b c Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. AR Pittaway, accessed April 26, 2008 .
  5. ^ Ian J. Kitching, Jean-Marie Cadiou: Hawkmoths of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Cornell University Press, New York 2000, ISBN 0-8014-3734-2
  6. ↑ James P. Tuttle: The Hawkmoths of North America, A Natural History Study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC 2007, ISBN 978-0-9796633-0-7
  7. ↑ Akito Y. Kawahara, Andre A. Mignault, Jerome C. Regier, Ian J. Kitching, Charles Mitter: Phylogeny and Biogeography of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Evidence from Five Nuclear Genes. PLoS ONE 4 (5): e5719. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0005719 .