Mockery song
A mocking song is a chant that is used to ridicule a person , group of people , thing, or event .
Reason and motivation
The occasion and motivation for a mocking song can be very different: The mocking song can arise from the joy of teasing each other, as in children's games . But it can also serve as a valve to evacuate one's own impotence or bitterness towards a despot . It can be used to target social or political grievances and use them for popular amusement, such as in cabaret performances. It can be presented in simple folk ways, but it can also grow into literarily or musically demanding structures.
Mocking songs in child's play
Johann Friedrich Andreas Bollmann (1852–1901), called Fritze Bollmann, a barber from Salbke near Magdeburg in Brandenburg an der Havel , was considered the city original in his time . In debt and often drunk, he himself announced that he once fell out of the boat while fishing. So the gaunt, quirky man became a welcome figure of mockery for groups of children who regularly annoyed the “Fritze” with mocking songs. From the episode came the famous song about "Fritze Bollmann", who fell out of the boat while fishing. The writer Hermann Fiddickow took the events as material for his novella “Fritze Bollmann. The tragic comedy of the Brandenburg barber ”.
The game didactics SA Warwitz and A. Rudolf report and comment on a ridicule ritual that was celebrated almost regularly in the 1950s, when there were still separate denominational schools, when they met on the way home from school:
The Catholic group began with the singsong mocking rhymes
- " Evangelical rats,
- fried in the pan,
- Garnished with chives
- served to the devil. "
The Protestant students replied no less sarcastically:
- " Catholic mice,
- they have lice
- you have to destroy them
- layer in garbage piles. "
The exchange of provocations served as the prelude to a fight in which school bags , hats or shoes were taken as pledges to be released.
Mocking songs in the folk song
Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663–1727) was actually a very successful and respected craft surgeon . However, since he - like many country doctors of his time - was accompanied by jugglers and his arrival in a town was always announced by criminals and because he performed at fairs, he earned the reputation of a quack , which in turn led to the writing of drinking and mocking songs seduced over him. The drinking song written around 1800 by a Göttingen student with the beer name Perceo , which begins with the line: “ I am Doctor Eisenbarth , has taken on a popular character . “It became a standard song at the festivals of student associations and was first published in a Kommersbuch in 1815 . At the Eisenbarthbrunnen , the place where he lived for many years in Magdeburg , there is an excerpt from the famous song:
- " I am Doctor Eisenbarth,
- widewidewitt, bum bum
- Kurir the people my way
- widewidewitt, bum bum
- Can make the blind go
-
And that the lame see again.
- Gloria, Viktoria, widewidewitt yuchheirassa!
- Gloria, Viktoria, widewidewitt, bum bum.
- Once upon a time there was an old man
- widewidewitt, bum bum
- A hollow tooth in the throat
- widewidewitt, bum bum
- I shot him out with the pistol
-
Oh God, how is the man so well.
- Gloria, Viktoria ...
- Then the great tsar called me straight away,
- widewidewitt, bum bum
- He suffered already long on cataracts ,
- widewidewitt, bum bum
- I put out both eyes
-
Now the star is out too.
- Gloria, Viktoria ... "
At the glockenspiel from Hann. In Münden , Doctor Eisenbarth still appears every hour with his jugglers pulling their teeth.
Another mocking song that became a popular song in the United States and whose text poem is attributed to British Army doctor Richard Shuckburgh is the Yankee Doodle . The term " Yankee " is originally a term used by the southerners for a northerner. The word "doodle" can be translated as booby (or dödel). The song was originally a mocking song with which British officers mocked the subordinate, in their eyes undisciplined and disorganized "Yankees" with whom they fought in the French and Indian wars. The first verse, most often sung today, is:
Yankee Doodle went to town,
A-riding on a pony;
Stuck a feather in his hat,
And called it macaroni.
The mockery is that the "booby" thinks he is something special when he rides a pony (instead of a stately horse) into town and sees a feather on his hat as extravagant. Macaroni is the name for fashion enthusiasts in England between 1760 and 1780 who boasted of their supposed sophistication.
As early as the American War of Independence , however, the Americans transformed the lyrics into a patriotic marching song with mocking verses on the British. It became the battle song of the northern states during the Civil War .
In addition to such mocking songs, which have become widely known as folk songs, there were and are countless songs that are only local or regional. This is mostly because their subject is not widely known, e.g. B. if they are directed against the residents of a neighboring village or a district or treat an original known only in his home town . Such mockery songs were often written in a dialect that is naturally not understood everywhere.
Mock songs in the political struggle
Mockery songs with a socially critical or political tendency serve to ridicule those who think differently, opponents and enemies, or to mock an economic situation . This type of ridicule is particularly common in satirical cabaret and at carnival events. In times of foreign rule, the citizens often vented in their powerlessness through such secret mockery songs:
Jan Hinnerk is a mocking song with six stanzas against the French occupation in Hamburg. In order to vent one's displeasure, one had to say this through the flower . This was done by an unknown author in Hamburg's Plattling during the so-called Hamburg French Period (1806 to 1814).
The French Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre mocks a British general who has (supposedly) fallen on the battlefield.
Mocking songs in musical theater
In music theater ( The Jacobin , The Man with the Top Hat , Manina , Porgy and Bess ) the mocking song is often used as a stylistic device.
Mock songs in literature and art
The writer Hermann Fiddickow considered the quirky figure of Fritze Bollmann mentioned above to be worthy of literature and used it as a template for his novella “ Fritze Bollmann. The tragic comedy of the Brandenburg barber ”. The novella in turn led to the film adaptation " Fritze Bollmann wanted to fish " (director: Volker von Collande ) from 1942/43. In 1924 , the sculptor Carl Lühnsdorf created an angler's fountain in the city of Brandenburg an der Havel, which is popularly known as the "Bollmann fountain". -
The famous poems and picture stories by Wilhelm Busch (1832–1908), which have been recited over generations, learned by heart by children and sung as popular songs, made it into world-famous literature . Wilhelm Busch is considered to be a master of depicting malice and malicious glee , which he understood to increase into the grotesque and macabre . His best-known mocking verses, part of world literature, are the pranks by Max and Moritz , which he published in 1865. Two generations ago "Wilhelm Busch" was one of the classics of literature, which was not missing in any household and whose macabre humor both adults and children delighted in. Today he sees himself because of the drastic depictions and mockery of certain professions and races as well as human and cruel scenes from raising children and the home bookcase are largely banned.
The drastic pranks around the teacher Lämpel, whose pipe they detonate with shotgun powder, or the tailor Böck, whom they lure onto a sawn-off bridge with mocking verses, were particularly popular:
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Wilhelm Busch (1865): Max and Moritz lure Schneider Böck into a trap with mocking verses
" Hey, out! You goat bock!
Tailor, tailor, meck, meck, meck !! "
See also
literature
- Wilhelm Busch: Max and Moritz, a boy story in 7 pranks. 1st edition, Braun and Schneider, Munich 1865.
- State centers for political education in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Historical songs from eight centuries. 1989, ISBN 3-87474-851-0 , p. 122 ff.
- Eike Pies: I'm Doctor Eisenbarth. Road Doctor. Life and work of the famous surgeon. A picture biography . Ariston, Geneva 1977, ISBN 3-7205-1155-3 .
- Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Controversial forms of play . In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 4th updated edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, ISBN 978-3-8340-1664-5 . Pp. 126-160.
Web links
- Fritze Bollmann on the website of Fritze Bollmann's home and birthplace Salbke
- Lyrics "I am the Doctor Eisenbart"
- Tobias Widmaier: I am the Doctor Eisenbart (2009). In: Popular and Traditional Songs. Historical-critical song lexicon of the German Folk Song Archive
Individual evidence
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Controversial forms of play . In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 3rd edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2014, ISBN 978-3-8340-1291-3 , pp. 32–33.
- ↑ Lyrics "I am the Doctor Eisenbart"
- ↑ Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. Road Doctor. Life and work of the famous surgeon. A picture biography . Ariston, Geneva 1977, ISBN 3-7205-1155-3 , p. 329.
- ^ State centers for political education in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Historical songs from eight centuries. 1989, ISBN 3-87474-851-0 .
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Controversial forms of play . In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 3rd edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2014, ISBN 978-3-8340-1291-3 , pp. 126-160.
- ^ Wilhelm Busch: Max and Moritz, a boy story in 7 pranks. 1st edition, Braun and Schneider, Munich 1865.