Chaff flowers
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The xeranthemum ( Xeranthemum ) are a genus in the subfamily Carduoideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The five to six species are native to the Mediterranean region.
The German common name chaffflower is occasionally used for species of the unrelated genus Achyranthes from the family of the foxtail plants (Amaranthaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Xeranthemum species grow as upright, annual herbaceous plants .
The leaves are arranged alternately on the stem. The simple leaf blades are linear-elliptical in shape, with entire margins and usually grayish hairy.
Generative characteristics
The individually standing cup-shaped inflorescences are petiolate. The lanceolate-ovate to obovate bracts are dry-skinned. The elongated inner bracts are erect or spread out and are white, pinkish-purple to purple in color. On the bottom of the basket there are linear-lanceolate, dry-skinned and dense glandular dotted chaff leaves . The outer flowers are sterile, have a long pink stylodium and are deeply divided, two-lipped. The inner flowers are radial symmetry and fertile.
The reverse-conical to reverse-egg-shaped achenes are silky hairy. The pappus consists of dry-skinned, awl-shaped scales.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Xeranthemum was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, p. 857. The type species is Xeranthemum annuum L. The genus Xeranthemum belongs to the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily Carduoideae within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).
The natural distribution area of the Xeranthemum species is in the Mediterranean and extends from North Africa to West Asia .
There are five to six types:
- Xeranthemum annuum L. (Syn .: Xeranthemum annettae Kalen. ): It is also called annual paper flower and is originally distributed from Turkey to the Caucasus region, in Eastern Europe, in Eastern Central Europe and in Southeastern Europe. In Spain, Portugal, Italy and Switzerland it is a neophyte.
- Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm. (Syn .: Xeroloma cylindraceum (Sm.) Holub )
- Xeranthemum cylindricum Spreng. (Syn .: Chardinia cylindrica Desv. )
- Xeranthemum inapertum (L.) Mill. (Syn .: Xeranthemum foetidum Moench nom. Illeg., Xeranthemum erectum C. Presl )
- Xeranthemum longepapposum fish. & CAMey. : It occurs in West Asia.
- Xeranthemum squarrosum Boiss. : It occurs in West Asia.
swell
- Joachim W. Kadereit, Charles Jeffrey: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Asterales . tape 8 . Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-31050-1 , pp. 131 ( Xeranthemum on p. 131 in Google book search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Schönfelder, Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos of the Mediterranean flora. Over 1600 species and 1600 photos (= KosmosNaturführer ). Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 , pp. 68 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Joachim W. Kadereit, Charles Jeffrey: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Asterales . tape 8 . Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-31050-1 , pp. 131 ( Xeranthemum on p. 131 in Google book search).
- ^ Xeranthemum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 19, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e f Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore). 2006+, In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. The genus Xeranthemum at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
- ↑ a b Enter taxon in search mask at The Global Compositae Checklist .
- ^ A b Xeranthemum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
