Xeranthemum annuum

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Annual chaff flower
Xeranthemum annuum.JPG

Annual chaff flower ( Xeranthemum annuum )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Carduoideae
Tribe : Cynareae
Genre : Xeranthemum
Type : Annual chaff flower
Scientific name
Xeranthemum annuum
L.

The Annual xeranthemum ( Xeranthemum annuum ), also Annual Paper Flower or Annual Strohblume called, is a plant from the genus of xeranthemum ( Xeranthemum ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is used as an ornamental plant.

description

Illustration from NJ Jacquin Florae Austriacae , Volume 4, Gerold, Vienna, 1776. Plate 388. Legend: Lower part of the plant; Upper part of the plant; Female tubular flower (enlarged); Male tubular flower (enlarged); Hermaphrodite fruit (x1); Fruit of a hermaphrodite flower (enlarged)
Illustration from Illustratio systematis sexualis Linnaeani , 1789, plate 67
Illustration from Lukas Hochenleitter and company: Plantarum indigenarum et exoticarum icones ad vivum coloratae, or, collection of pictures of domestic and foreign plants painted from nature, for lovers of botany , 1793

Vegetative characteristics

Xeranthemum annuum is an independently upright, branched, annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters.

The alternately arranged leaves are sitting. The simple, silver-gray to white woolly hairy leaf blade is linear to oblong with a length of no more than 3 centimeters and a width of 2 to 7 millimeters.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is in the summer months and ranges from June to July or August or sometimes to September. The cup-shaped inflorescences stand individually on an inflorescence stem. The initially spherical flower heads have to anthesis diameter from 2.5 to 4 centimeters, and are spread out. The lanceolate-ovate to obovate bracts are dry-skinned. The elongated inner bracts are erect or spread out and are white, pinkish-purple to purple in color. On the bottom of the basket there are linear-lanceolate, dry-skinned and dense glandular dotted chaff leaves .

The flower heads contain 100 to 120 light purple to pink flowers . The outer flowers are sterile , have a long pink stylodium and are deeply divided, two-lipped. The inner flowers are radial symmetry and fertile . The innermost flowers are more than twice as long as the outer and simulate ray florets. The stamens are bare.

The achenes are 3 to 4.5 millimeters long and have silky hairs. The dry-skinned, awl-shaped pappus scales are 2 to 3 millimeters long.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

ecology

In Xeranthemum annuum is a therophytes .

Occurrence and endangerment

Xeranthemum annuum is naturally widespread in the eastern Mediterranean , in the southern areas of central, eastern and south- eastern Europe, and in the Caucasus and western Asia. There are localities for Austria , the Czech Republic , Hungary , southern Slovakia , Slovenia , Serbia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Romania , Bulgaria , Albania , North Macedonia , Greece , Moldova , southern part of the European part of Russia , southern Ukraine , Crimea , Dagestan , Ciskaucasia and Turkey (e.g. Anatolia) as well as in western Iran. It is a neophyte in many areas , for example in warmer areas of many countries in Europe (for example in Switzerland ( indigenous ), in Germany, France and Italy).

Xeranthemum annuum is a heat-loving ( thermophile ) species. It thrives on dry, rocky, sunny locations, for example at roadsides, field edges and vineyards.

The ecological indicator values according to Landolt & al. 2010 are: humidity number F = 1, light number L = 4, reaction number R = 3, temperature number T = 5, nutrient number N = 2, continental number K = 5.

Xeranthemum annuum is endangered in some countries.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Xeranthemum annuum done in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , page 857. synonyms for Xeranthemum annuum L. are: Xeranthemum annettae Kalen. , Xeranthemum annuum subsp. annettae (Kalen.) Holmboe , Xeranthemum inodorum Moench , Xeranthemum oleifolium Cav. , Xeranthemum ornatum Cass. , Xeranthemum radiatum Lam. , Xeranthemum annuum L. subsp. annuum , Xeranthemum annuum L. var. annuum .

use

Xeranthemum annuum is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and as a cut flower and dried flower. There are hybrids bred in different colors.

Xeranthemum annuum has been tested for medicinally effective ingredients.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Xeranthemum annuum In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: data sheet with photos from Flora von Deutschland - a picture database , version 6.03. from February 7, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Xeranthemum annuum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b c d W. Greuter, 2006+: Compositae (pro parte majore). : In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  5. ↑ a b Xeranthemum annuum - annual everlasting , data sheet with photos at The Royal Horticultural Society = RHS, 2020.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Milan S. Stankovic, Ivana D. Radojevic, Olgica D. Stefanovic, Marina D. Topuzovic, Ljiljana R. Comic, Snežana R. Brankovic: Immortelle (Xeranthemum annuum L.) as a natural source of biologically active substances. In: EXCLI Journal , Volume 10, 2011, pp. 230–239. Full text online.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j data sheet with photos at botany.cz .
  8. ↑ a b c data sheet with photos at botanische-spaziergaenge.at - pictures of Austria's flora . with information from the excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , 3rd edition, 2008.
  9. ^ Xeranthemum annuum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ↑ a b c Zdeněk Kaplan, Jiří Danihelka, Kateřina Šumberová, Jindřich Chrtek Jr., Olga Rotreklová, Libor Ekrt, Jitka Štěpánková, Vojtěch Taraška, Bohumil Trávníček, Jan Prančl, Lucie Ducháršek, Jan David Horáčrone, Jan David Horáčrone, Lucie Ducháčrone : Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 5, In: Preslia , Volume 89, 2017, pp. 333–439. Xeranthemum annuum on p. 432. Full text PDF.
  11. ^ Xeranthemum annuum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 18, 2020.
  12. ↑ GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset, 2019: Xeranthemum annuum L. via GBIF.org on 2020-05-19.
  13. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 939).

Web links

Commons : Xeranthemum annuum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Historical literature

  • General flower lexicon or description of all domestic and foreign garden flowers and ornamental plants known so far in Germany, with instructions on their treatment. For garden lovers, edited in alphabetical order by Theodor Theuss , Volume 2 H – Z, Landes-Industrie-Comptoir Weimar, 1811, p. 628